Types of Quantitative research

• Non-experimental research


  Researcher observes the phenomena as they occur naturally. No external variables are introduced. The variables are not manipulated. The researcher does not control the setting.
• Descriptive 


  used to describe a particular phenomenon by observing as it occurs in nature. no experimental manipulation, and the researcher does not start with a hypothesis.
• Correlation


  Identifies the relationship between variables. Determines what the effect of one on the opposite that affects the relationship. Measures the degree of their relationship or associations.
• Positive correlation


  An increase in one variable leads to an increase in the

  other variable. A decrease in one variable will also cause a decrease on the other variable. (Directly proportional)
• Negative correlation 


  If there is an increase in one variable, the second

  variable will show a decrease and vice versa. (Inversely proportional)
• No correlation


  A change in one variable may not necessarily see a difference in the other variable.
• Ex post facto


  used to investigate a possible relationship between previous events and present conditions
• Experimental research


  Defined as "Observations under controlled conditions".

  The researcher is active agent rather than a passive observer. Concerned with examination of the effect of an independent variable on dependent variable, where the independent variable is manipulated through treatment or intervention(s).
• Characteristics of an experimental research

  1.randomly formed groups

  2. manipulation of the treatment;

  3. comparisons among groups
• Manipulation


  evaluating the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable
• Randomization


  It means sudden selection without any plan. Everyone has an equal chance of getting into any one of the experimental groups.
• Control


  This means using a control group in the experiment where the independent variable is constant. This control group is then compared to a treatment group, where the researchers have changed the independent variable.
• One group post-test only design


  A single group of individuals is measured on some dependent variable after an intervention

  has taken place.
• Two groups post-test only design


  It measures experimental and control groups after an intervention has taken place.
• Pretest-posttest design


  Experimental group and control group pretest first before intervention and post test
• Quasi-experimental


  Attempts to conclude the cause-effect equation between two or more variables. Lacks at least one of the three characteristic (Randomization, Control). Has an element of manipulation. Involves the manipulation of independent variable to observe the effect on dependent variable.