Data Representation

• What is the smallest unit of storage in computers?

  Bit
• How many bits are typically grouped together to form a byte?

  Eight
• What is the value of 1 Kilobyte in bytes?

  1024 Bytes
• How many bytes are in a Megabyte?

  1024 Kilobytes
• What is the value of 1 Megabyte in bytes?

  2¹⁰ bytes
• How many bytes are in a Gigabyte?

  1024 Megabytes
• What is the value of 1 Gigabyte in bytes?

  2²⁰ bytes
• How many bytes are in a Terabyte?

  1024 Gigabytes
• What is the value of 1 Terabyte in bytes?

  2³⁰ bytes
• What determines the number of different values that can be represented with n bits?

  The number of bits used
• How many different values can be represented with 3 bits?

  Eight
• What is the range of values that can be represented with 8 bits?

  0 to 255
• What is the least significant bit (LSB)?

  The rightmost bit
• What is the most significant bit (MSB)?

  The leftmost bit
• How do you calculate the range of values using n bits?

  0 to (2ⁿ - 1)
• Why is the highest value represented by 2⁸ - 1?

  Because it includes zero in the range
• Why is converting binary to decimal important?

  Decimal is easier for humans to understand
• What is the first step in converting binary to decimal?

  Place the binary into their place values
• How do you convert the binary number 10011100₂ to decimal?

  Add 128, 8, and 4
• What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 10011100₂?

  204
• What is the first step in converting decimal to binary?

  Identify the highest power of 2
• How do you represent the decimal number 13 in binary?

  Use the powers of 2 method
• What is the range of decimal values using 8 bits in two's complement?

  -128 to +127
• How do you convert a positive decimal number to two's complement?

  Use the binary representation directly
• How do you convert a negative decimal number to two's complement?

  Invert the bits and add 1
• What is the two's complement of +71 in 8 bits?

  01000111
• What is the two's complement of -71 in 8 bits?


  10111001
• What is the purpose of the most significant bit (MSB) in two's complement?

  It indicates the sign of the number
• What is the difference between ASCII and Unicode?

  ASCII is limited to 128 characters
• How many characters can Unicode represent?

  65536 characters
• What is the advantage of using Unicode over ASCII?

  It supports multiple languages
• What is a disadvantage of using Unicode?

  Larger file size
• What is the purpose of the eighth bit in ASCII?

  Parity bit or extended ASCII
• How does one's complement represent negative numbers?

  By flipping all the bits
• What does the sign and magnitude representation indicate?

  MSB indicates the sign of the number
• What is the range of values for n bits in sign and magnitude?

  0 to (2ⁿ - 1)
• What are control characters in a character set?

  Non-printing characters for special purposes
• What is the significance of the binary pattern in ASCII?

  Each character has a unique binary pattern
• Why was ASCII designed?

  To represent English-language text
• What is the main purpose of Unicode?

  To represent diverse languages