cognitive approach

• cognitive aporoach has been applied in the real world and has been an important contribution in the field of artificial intelligence
• What is Cognitive Neuroscience?


  The scientific study of the influence of brain structures on mental processes
• assumptions:

  -focuses on how people perceive, store and interpret information

  -looks at internal mental processes to understand behaviour

  -thought processes can and should be studied scientifically

  -mental processes are private and cannot be observed
• schemas are packages of ideas and information developed by experiences
• as we get older our schemas become more detailed and sophisticated
• schemas act as a mental framework and help interpret information and make assumptions
• theoretical and computer models are used to help understand internal mental processes
• computer models focus on the way sensory information is passed through the systems
• computer models state that info is passed through the senses and encoded into memory then combined with previously stored information to complete a task
• the emergence of cognitive neuroscience is the study of the influence of brain structures on mental processes. with advances in brain imaging techniques scientist have been able to observe and describe the neurological basis of mental processes
• in cognitive approach mental processes are studied indirectly by making inferences about what is going on inside people’s minds on the basis of their behaviour
• supporting evidence, practical application ao3:

  -improved reliability of ewt

  -used in cognitive interview by recall in reverse order and recall from changed perspective as this avoids individuals from creating schemas
• supporting evidence ao3:

  -uses scientific and objective methods

  -highly controlled and vigorous methods of study

  -credible scientific methods

  -high internal validity

  -replicable due to standardused procedures

  -test directly for cause and effect
• limiting evidence ao3:

  -lab experiments are reductionist as they reduce behaviour to simple terms

  -does not take into account effect of real world interactions

  -low ecological validity
• limiting evidence ao3;

  -machine reductionism

  -ignores influence of human emotions and motivation on the cognitive system and how this may affect our ability to process information
• supporting evidence ao3:

  -bugelski and alampy, rat man

  -2 groups shown a series of pictures one being faces and one being animals

  -final picture for both groups is off ambigious rat man

  -people shown pictures of faces more likely to see a man whilst animals a rat

  -developed the schemas
• cognitive psychologists use computer models to help them understand internal mental processes
• cognitive approach argues that internal mental processes can and should be studied scientifically