Geography enhance

• Where are most high-income countries (HICs) located?

  In the Northern Hemisphere
• Which countries are exceptions to the location of most HICs?

  Australia and New Zealand
• How do newly emerging economies (NEEs) and low-income countries (LICs) differ in terms of complexity?

  NEEs and LICs are more complex and change constantly
• Which continent dominates in terms of low-income countries (LICs)?

  Africa
• In which regions are there more NEEs than LICs?

  South America and Asia
• What should be factored in to calculate a country's level of development?

  • Social development measures
  • Composite measures that combine several indicators into one formula
• What does HDI stand for?

  Human Development Index
• What are the components measured by HDI?

  GNI, life expectancy, and years in education
• What is the range of HDI values?

  From 0 to 1
• What are the advantages of using HDI as a measure of development?

  • Comprehensive measure beyond just economic factors
  • Comparability over time
  • Focus on well-being and quality of life
  • Helps in policy development
  • Provides a broad perspective on country status
• What are the disadvantages of using HDI as a measure of development?

  • Data limitations and potential for outdated information
  • Oversimplification of the complex nature of development
  • Neglect of important political and human welfare factors
  • Cultural bias and lack of specificity
• How can HDI oversimplify the complex nature of development?

  By neglecting important factors such as human welfare and freedom
• What does cultural bias in HDI imply?


  It may not capture all values and goals of all cultures
• What is a limitation of HDI regarding specificity?

  It does not provide detailed insights into disparities between rural and urban areas
• What are some physical factors that make development harder in certain regions?

  Hostile landscapes, hot climates, and lack of water
• How does a lack of water affect agricultural development?

  It makes it hard to grow crops
• What economic factor can hinder development in some countries?

  High levels of debt
• What is a consequence of having little money left for development projects?

  It limits the ability to improve infrastructure and services
• What environmental issues can affect development?

  Flooding and desertification
• How does historical colonization impact current development?

  Colonial powers used resources from their colonies to grow their own economies
• What political issues can affect development in a country?

  Corruption and ongoing conflicts
• How can insufficient investment in education affect a country?

  It can lead to a poorly educated workforce
• What is the cycle of poverty?

  Factors influencing development are often linked, creating a cycle where debt leads to poor education and low income
• How does being in debt affect a country's education system?

  Countries in debt cannot afford good schools
• What are some consequences of economic decline in a country?

  Depleted workforce and low personal income
• What health issues can arise from uneven development?

  Hunger, poor sanitation, and increased disease incidence
• What percentage of the world's population receives 52% of global income?

  10%
• How does access to safe water vary between countries?

  Many low-income countries (LICs) cannot access safe water and sanitation
• What is a consequence of increased incidences of diseases in low-income countries?

  Lower life expectancy
• What drives migration from low-income countries?

  Uneven development leads to higher migration rates due to seeking better employment or safety
• What are push and pull factors in migration?

  Push factors drive people away from their home country, while pull factors attract them to a new country
• What is the expected life expectancy in higher-income countries?

  Higher-income countries have a higher expected life expectancy
• What are the main factors influencing development?

  • Physical factors: hostile landscapes, hot climates, lack of water
  • Economic factors: high levels of debt, insufficient funds for development
  • Environmental factors: flooding, desertification
  • Historical factors: effects of colonization
  • Political factors: corruption, conflict, insufficient investment in education
  • Natural resources: abundance or scarcity of materials
• What are the consequences of uneven development?

  • Health issues: hunger, poor sanitation, increased disease incidence
  • Wealth disparity: 10% of the population receives 52% of global income
  • Access to resources: many LICs lack safe water and sanitation
  • Migration: higher rates due to seeking better opportunities or safety