Marley's ghost

• Who is the first apparition that appears to Scrooge in "Marley's Ghost"?

  Marley's Ghost
• What warning does Marley give to Scrooge?

  He warns Scrooge that he will face damning consequences in the afterlife if he does not change his ways
• How does Dickens establish the friendship between Scrooge and Marley?

  By stating they were "partners for I don’t know how many years"
• What does the phrase "answered to both names" imply about Scrooge and Marley?

  It suggests that their identities are closely linked and intertwined
• How do Marley’s descriptions of isolation and suffering inform the reader about Scrooge’s fate?


  They suggest that Scrooge will face similar consequences if he does not repent

  
• What structural role does Marley’s character play in the novella?

  He outlines the structure by warning Scrooge about the Three Spirits that will visit him
• What does Marley tell Scrooge to expect when the bell tolls One?

  He tells him to expect the first spirit to visit
• How does the timeline established by Marley affect the reader's experience?

  It adds structure to the chaotic supernatural events and builds anticipation
• What dramatic technique does Marley’s warning employ to increase tension?

  It creates anticipation for upcoming events
• How does Marley’s Ghost represent Christian beliefs about the afterlife?

  He embodies the concepts of purgatory, repentance, and redemption
• What is purgatory as described in the study material?

  A state of limbo where souls of sinners go until they have repented
• What does Marley’s suffering in purgatory signify about his life choices?

  It signifies that his attitude towards people during his life led to his current torment
• What do the chains Marley wears symbolize?

  They symbolize the burdens of his past actions and materialism
• How does Dickens describe Marley’s chains?

  As being made of cash boxes, keys, padlocks, ledgers, and deeds
• What effect does the animalistic imagery have on the reader's perception of Marley?

  It dehumanizes him and prevents the reader from sympathizing with his plight
• What does the simile "wound about him like a tail" suggest about Marley?


  It suggests that his sins are suffocating him and have a visually detrimental effect on his humanity
• What are the multiple purposes of Marley’s Ghost in the novella?

  To introduce religious and supernatural themes, and to act as a deterrent for Scrooge
• How does Marley’s arrival heighten the impact of the supernatural theme?


  By emphasizing that "Old Marley was dead," making his appearance unexpected
• How does Marley exemplify the concept of religious justice?

  He represents accountability for one's actions in life
• Why does Marley’s warning resonate with Scrooge?

  Because of their close relationship and Scrooge's respect for Marley as a businessman
• What does the repetition of "sole" in Marley’s relationship with Scrooge signify?

  It highlights Marley’s isolation and dependence on Scrooge
• What does the possessive pronoun "his" in relation to Marley suggest?


  It illustrates how Marley was equally important to Scrooge
• What idea might Dickens be trying to convey about companionship through Scrooge and Marley’s relationship?

  That even miserly individuals need companionship in life

  
• How does the lack of companionship affect Scrooge and Marley according to the study material?

  It may have contributed to their bitter attitudes
• What does the quote "I wear the chains I forged in life" mean literally?

  It means Marley was an accountant or bookkeeper who physically made deeds and ledgers
• What does the quote "I wear the chains I forged in life" mean figuratively?

  It signifies that Marley is held captive for eternity due to his actions in life
• How do the short sentences in "no rest, no peace. Incessant torture of remorse" create tension?

  They increase the pace and mirror Marley’s claustrophobic feelings in purgatory

  
• What literary technique does Dickens use by stopping after two clauses in the quote about torture?

  He subverts the rule of three, leaving the sentence feeling unfinished

  
• How does the unfinished feeling of the sentence about torture affect the reader?

  It creates discomfort, mirroring Scrooge’s feelings towards the ghost
• What does the quote "Mankind was my business" reflect about Dickens' ideas?

  It reflects the importance of social responsibility and accountability to one another
• How does Marley’s realization about "mankind" contrast with Scrooge's attitude towards charity?

  Marley realizes too late that he should have focused on helping others, while Scrooge refuses to donate