Q4 L2: Conformity and Deviance

• this is the term when a person chose a course of action that a majority favors or that is socially acceptable

  conformity
• the term when an individual chooses an action that is not socially acceptable or that a majority does not favor;

  any violation of society's norms

  deviance
• type of social control that is exercised by primary groups like family, peer groups who praise or condemn the behavior of an individual

  direct control
• the type of social control that is exercised by secondary groups like traditions, customs, institutions, etc.

  indirect control
• the type of social control where they utilize praise, prizes, fame, respect, promotion

  positive means
• the type of social control criticism, gossip, punishment, ostracism (rejection) is utilized

  negative means
• the type of social control designed and regulated by some authority like the government which makes laws to control order

  formal control
• the type of social control where it covers unwritten rules and regulation characterized by informal authority like criticism, sociability, and public opinion

  informal control
• enumerate the 6 types of social control

  
  

  • direct control
  • indirect control
  • positive means of social control
  • negative means of social control
  • formal control
  • informal control
• most common deviance include:

  • homosexuality
  • drug addiction
  • alcoholism
  • murder
  • prostitution
  • lesbianism
  • ear piercing
  • politics
  • communism
  • atheism
  • tattoo
• this is an explanation for deviance where this considers deviant behavior as the result of a societal disease that must be isolated, contained, treated

  social pathology
• this is an explanation for deviance where it maintains that deviance results from actual physical illness, malfunctions, or deformities

  biological pathology
• this occurs when adherence to cultural expectations does not yield the anticipated consequence; when the normative system does not function, an obvious solution is to work outside the system

  social disorganization
• a state of society characterized by the breakdown of effective social control, resulting in a lack of functional integration between groups, conflicting social attitudes, and personal maladjustment

  social disorganization
• this theory suggests that what defines deviance in the actions of others or the actors themselves

  labeling
• this theory holds that acts are considered criminal or deviant because they are at variance with a group's values; ultimate determinant then of whether an act is deviant or criminal, is the orientation or interest of a group that is offering the definition

  value conflict
• the person who developed the modes of adaptation

  robert k merton
• the mode of adaptation that accepts both societal goals and approved means to reach them

  conformist
• the mode of adaptation that seeks to achieve goals by means that are not approved by society

  innovator
• the mode of adaptation that follows the norms but reject/abandon the hope of achieving societal goals

  ritualist
• the mode of adaptation that rejects both societal goals and means of achieving them

  retreatist
• the mode of adaptation that rejects both goals and means; substitutes them with new means and goals to achieve; political activist

  rebel