L4 | DOING PHILO

• WHY IS THERE A NEED FOR US TO PHILOSOPHIZE?

  • plato - sense of wonder
  • rene descartes - doubt
  • karl jaspers - experience
  • socrates - love for wisdom
• PLATO

  • Traced it with his sense of wonder.
  • Whenever we are confronted with an experience, we always wonder how it came about. 
  • Man’s over-abounding curiosity drives him to asks questions.
  • This perspective drives the need of a philosopher to question, examine, and learn more.
• RENE DESCARTES

  • Traced it to doubt
  • Key figure when the word “skepticism"
  • His method of examining ideas and perspective became the basis of critical thinking and analysis in sciences. 
  • In sciences, there is a need to verify an information or explanation before it is accepted as truth.
  • In life, we will be faced with several ideas and arguments which present themselves as “truths”.
• COGITO ERGO SUM

  I think therefore I am
• KARL JASPERS

  • Experience 
  • Challenged previous ideas or beliefs
  • believed that man is often confronted by experiences which challenges his ideas and frameworks.
• FRAMEWORK

  • way of thinking about the world
  • composed of the views and beliefs of a person.
  • Principles or beliefs
• VIEWPOINTS, THOUGHTS, AND APPROACHES IN PHILOSOPHY

  1. philosophy as a way of analyzing frameworks
  2. philosophy as an examination of a particular area of knowledge
  3. philosophy as a discipline
• PHILOSOPHY AS A WAY OF ANALYZING FRAMEWORKS

  
  

  • INTERNAL QUESTIONS - dealing with our own correctness and values which can be addressed using our own personal frameworks.
  • EXTERNAL QUESTION - seek to question the very frameworks upon which people base their own beliefs and views.
• PHILOSOPHY AS AN EXAMINATION OF A PARTICULAR AREA OF KNOWLEDGE 

  • goes hand-in-hand with other disciplines in examining their fundamental purposes and evaluating the changes they experience.
  • Different area of knowledge
• • Philosophy of science - seeks to understand the fundamental principles that guide scientific thought
  • Philosophy of religion - examines the basic tenets of any faith
  • Philosophy of education, law, history - every aspect of knowledge benefit from the inquiring nature of Philosophy
• PHILOSOPHY AS A DISCIPLINE 

  • Philosophy itself is a distinct area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns, and ways of doing things.
  • divided into several branches which deal with a particular aspect of life or phenomena.
• Two important facts about philosophizing

  • philosophy is a reflective and meditative activity, and it has no designated subject of its own
  • philosophy is a method of mental exercise on any type of experience
• BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

  1. ethics
  2. epistemology
  3. metaphysics
  4. logic
  5. politics
  6. aesthetics
  7. etiology
  8. teleology
  9. theology
• ETHICS

  • Morality of human action
• EPISTEMOLOGY

  • Discuss the nature of knowledge and knowing
• METAPHYSICS

  • Question of reality and existence
• POLITICS

  • Relationship between citizens and governments
• LOGIC

  • Study of correct reasoning
• AESTHETICS

  • nature of beauty, art, and taste with the creation and appreciation of beauty
• ETIOLOGY

  • Events in the context of cause-and-effect relationship
• TELEOLOGY

  • Question of purpose
• THEOLOGY

  • Examines spirituality