Origins intro

• When did psychology emerge?

  Around 1880
• What is empiricism?


  Where information is gathered through direct observation or experiment (not beliefs or reason arguments)
• What are the steps of scientific method?

  • Ask a question
  • State a hypothesis
  • Conduct an experiment
  • Analyse the results
  • Make a conclusion
• What does objectivity mean?


  When the researcher doesn't impose their own ideas, beliefs or expectations when interpreting the results of their research
• What does paradigm mean? (In terms of science)


  That a science should have a unified set of assumptions and methods
• What does falsifiability mean?


  Not seeking to find evidence to prove a theory, but seeking evidence to disprove a theory. Non-falsifiable theories are non-scientific.
• What is replicability?


  A scientific method can be repeated and achieve similar results to the original
• What is apperception?


  Organising and making sense of our experiences as a unified whole, or perceiving new experiences in relation to past ones
• What does standardisation mean?


  A form of control where all instructions and materials are presented in the same way for all participants
• What is reliability?


  When a way of conducting research leads to consistent findings.
• What is validity?


  When a piece of research actually measures what it was intended to measure.
• What is generalisability?


  When research is representative of real life / to other groups, so any conclusions from the research can be applied to real life.