Fetal Presentation

• Presentation


  Part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet first during labor.
• Cephalic


  Head first presentation
• Types of Cephalic Presentation:

  Vertex - the occiput (back of the head) presents; the head is fully flexed.
• Types of Cephalic Presentation:

  Vertex - this is the most common and favorable presentation for vaginal delivery.
• Types of Cephalic Presentation:

  Sinciput - The top of the head or brow presents; the head is partially flexed.
• Types of Cephalic Presentation:

  Brow - The forehead presents; the head is slightly extended.
• Types of Cephalic Presentation

  Face - The face presents first; the head is fully extended.
• Most common and optimal presentation: Vertex cephalic is the ideal presentation for a smooth vaginal delivery.
• Breech


  Buttocks or feet first
• Types of Breech Presentation

  Frank Breech: Buttocks present, and the legs are extended upward toward the fetal head.
• Types of Breech Presentation

  Complete Breech: Buttocks and feet present; the fetus sits cross-legged with knees and hips flexed.
• Types of Breech Presentation

  Footling Breech: One or both feet present first, with the legs extended.
• Breech presentations increase the risk of complications such as umbilical cord prolapse and may require a CS for delivery.
• Shoulder 


  The shoulder, arm, or trunk presents first due to the fetus lying sideways (transverse or oblique lie).
• Shoulder

  Vaginal delivery is not possible, and a CS is typically required.