Other lang change

• English is a lingua Franca


  As it is the most common Lang
• Descriptivist 


  Someone who is open to language change
• Prescriptivist 


  They believe there is only one right way to speak
• Countries in Eu have controlled their language through?

  Academies
• Uk have protected their language by using?


  dictionary’s
• 
  

  the Crystal mark verifies whether a website has the right standard English and is free from jargon
• peter trudgil is a descriptivist who criticised prescriptivism
• Milroy - Golden Age Hypothesis


  - argues against hypothesis

  - hypothesis suggests there was a golden age of English, around the victorian age, ever since then it has been degenerating ever since

  - he argues that this is a perception tied up with nostalgia of the victorian age
• Recency Fallacy

  - there has been a recent decline of language in the complaints lifetime
• Deborah Cameron - Verbal hygiene

  - the anxiety of language change is symbolic expression of deep-rooted concerns about society

  - complaints about slang + technology reflect a deeper issue of compliance feeling left behind
• prescriptivists view language change as

  - frighting

  - moral decline

  - must be stopped

  - blame it on younger generation
• descriptivists view language change as

  - natural

  - factor of life

  - inevitable

  - can't judge as it reflects society
• Aitchison prescriptivist metaphors - crumbling castle


  - language was once a pristine castle that has begun to erode

  - suggests language needs protection as it is fragile and historic
• Aitchison prescriptivist metaphors - damp spoon


  - use of incorrect language is lazy

  - they are ruining language for everyone
• Aitchison prescriptivist metaphors - infectious disease


  - if one person uses language incorrectly it spreads rapidly through the community 'infecting everyone'

  - change is a disease, pandemic and a virus spreading

  - implies that it is to harmful to change language and we must cure the spread
• Schliecher - Tree model


  - language is like biology, it grows from previous languages like a new life merging from an old one

  - it is a natural, alive, flourishing

  - all language is interconnected

  - language is inevitable so will develop and grow
• Chen - S curve model

  - language change is initially slow, then it accelerates before levelling off
• Bailey - Wave model


  - the change has an epicentre where it starts, like a stone dropping into a pool creating waves of change

  - the nearest to the change are most affected

  - those further away are less affected
• Deutscher - Evolution model


  - unfolding of language book he argues language change is evolutionary

  - its mot random but blind process where the hand of selection decides what features survive and which die out

  - form of progress

  - language adapts itself for change, like survival of the fittest
• language changes as a results of the barriers such as

  geographical barriers and political ones