The government of England 1194-1199

• As Richard’s return to England was delayed by his capture, John ruled as regent
• Heavy taxes were imposed to pay Richard’s ransom, and to pay for John’s campaigns in France
• John announced that Richard was dead and he was heir, only to be caught out by a letter from Germany saying he was alive
• John allied with Philip II to seize Richard’s lands in France
• In February 1194, Richard was released, and John threw himself at the mercy of his brother, who forgave and humiliated him
• Richard appointed Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, as a justiciar, who established an effective system of justice when Richard left England again
• England was governed peacefully until Richard’s death in 1199