mitosis & meiosis

• What are the vocabulary terms in biology that sound similar mentioned in the material?

  Chromosome, chromatid, chromatin, transcription, translation, mitosis, meiosis
• Why is it helpful to compare mitosis and meiosis side by side?

  It helps to identify similarities and differences between the two processes
• What type of cells does mitosis produce?

  Body cells
• What type of cells does meiosis produce?

  Sperm and egg cells, also known as gametes
• What is the starting cell type for both mitosis and meiosis?

  Diploid, written as 2n
• What are the two types of cell division compared in the study material?

  Mitosis and meiosis
• How many chromosomes do humans have in total?

  46 chromosomes
• Where does mitosis occur in the body?

  Mitosis occurs all over the body in somatic cells
• What happens during interphase before mitosis and meiosis?

  The cell duplicates its chromosomes
• In which cells does meiosis occur?

  Meiosis occurs in the reproductive cells of the gonads
• How many chromatids are present after the duplication of 46 chromosomes during interphase?

  92 chromatids
• What is the purpose of meiosis?

  To form gametes
• What type of cell is the original cell in both mitosis and meiosis?

  The original cell is diploid
• Why is interphase considered an important phase?


  It duplicates chromosomes before mitosis and meiosis begin
• How many cell divisions occur in mitosis?

  Mitosis consists of one cell division
• What acronym is used to remember the stages of mitosis and meiosis?

  PMAT
• How many stages of cell division does meiosis consist of?

  Meiosis consists of two stages of cell division called meiosis 1 and meiosis 2
• How does meiosis differ from mitosis in terms of the PMAT stages?

  Meiosis goes through the PMAT stages twice
• What is the result of mitosis in terms of daughter cells?

  Mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells
• What happens during prophase in mitosis and meiosis?

  • Mitosis: Chromosomes condense and become visible
  • Meiosis I: Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs
• What does the term "homologous" refer to in genetics?

  Chromosomes that are approximately the same size and contain the same types of genes
• What is the result of meiosis in terms of daughter cells?

  Meiosis results in four haploid gametes
• What is crossing over in meiosis?

  It is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes
• How do the daughter cells from mitosis compare to the original cell?

  The two daughter cells resulting from mitosis are genetic duplicates of each other and the original cell
• What happens during metaphase in mitosis?

  Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in a single file line
• How do the haploid gametes resulting from meiosis compare to each other?

  Each haploid gamete resulting from meiosis is genetically different from every gamete ever formed
• How does metaphase I in meiosis differ from metaphase in mitosis?

  In metaphase I, chromosomes line up in pairs, not in a single file line
• What does the "A" in anaphase stand for?

  Away
• What occurs during anaphase in mitosis?

  The chromatids are pulled away to opposite sides of the cell
• How does anaphase I in meiosis differ from anaphase in mitosis?

  In anaphase I, chromosomes are pulled away, not chromatids
• What happens during telophase in mitosis and meiosis?


  • Mitosis: Chromosomes are at opposite ends, new nuclei form
  • Meiosis I: Same as mitosis, but followed by meiosis II
• What follows telophase in both mitosis and meiosis?


  Cytokinesis
• What is the result of mitosis and cytokinesis?

  Two identical diploid cells
• How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis II?

  Four non-identical cells
• What type of cells are gametes?

  Haploid cells
• How many chromosomes do gametes have in humans?

  23 chromosomes
• What happens when a sperm and egg cell combine?

  It results in a diploid cell known as a zygote
• What process does a zygote undergo to develop into a new organism?

  Mitosis
• What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis?

  • Mitosis: Produces 2 identical diploid cells
  • Meiosis: Produces 4 non-identical haploid gametes
  • Mitosis: One round of PMAT
  • Meiosis: Two rounds of PMAT