7 Blood Donation & Component Preparation

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  • Blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusion
    • Involves collecting blood from a donor so it can be used to treat someone else
  • Directed blood donation is when the blood is intended for the use of specific patient
    • A donation in which the recipient chooses the donor
    • Blood from directed donors is no safer than from the volunteer blood supply
  • Allogenic blood donation is a whole blood donation
    • Blood donated is intended for the use of general patient population [e.g., Mass blood donation]
  • Autologous blood donation is when blood is donated by the owner for future use → “Donor-patient”
  • Apheresis is a type of blood donation in which a specific component of the blood is only extracted, and the remaining components are returned to the donor 2-3 hours (done)
    • Separation of components is based on specific gravity or weight
  • Continuous flow centrifugation is a method in apheresis where process of withdrawal, processing and reinfusion of the blood is performed simultaneously in a continuous manner
    • 2 venipuncture sites are needed
    • one is for withdrawal
    • the other is for reinfusion
  • Types of Apheresis (PPLEH)
    • Plateletpheresis
    • Plasmapheresis
    • Leukapheresis
    • Erythtocytapheresis
    • HPC Pheresis
  • Voluntarily, non-remunerated blood donors donates on his own free will, without receiving any payment
  • Personal or Commercial blood donor donates blood for the sake of money
  • Family or Replacement blood donor donates blood for somebody in the community.
    • Allows family and friends to make donations to replace blood that was utilized by you
  • Walk-in donor are more common in allogeneic donations
  • Walking donor waits for the signal to donate; they already passed the screening test (with rare blood type)
    • For patient who need fresh blood
  • Medical history interview in donor screening is done by the physician, as well as medtechs
  • Medical history interview is done in a form of Questionnaires: to protect the donors, to protect the recipient
  • Age requirement for allogenic blood donation should be 16 or 17 years old
  • In blood donation,
    • 18 years old below must have parental consent
    • 65 years old above must have physician’s consent
  • Autologous blood donation has no age and weight requirements
  • Required temperature of blood donors should not be more than 37.5 °C or 99.5 °F
  • Required pulse rate of blood donors should be 50-100 bpm
  • Required blood pressure of blood donors should be:
    • Systolic → 90-160 mmHg
    • Diastolic → 60-100 mmHg
  • Blood extraction/Bleeding is done in 15-30 minutes
    • BE ALERT for the donor’s reaction/s
  • Mild donor reactions includes:
    • Syncope
    • Nausea/Vomiting
    • Hyperventilation
    • Twitching/Spasms
    • Convulsions
    • Sweating
    • Dizziness
    • Anxiety/Nervousness
    • Palpitations
    • Pallor
  • Moderate donor reactions includes:
    • Reactions seen under the mild category in addition to loss of consciousness
    • Decreased pulse rate
    • Hyperventilation
    • Drop in systolic pressure to 60 mmHg
  • Severe donor reactions includes:
    • Convulsions
    • Marked hyperventilation
    • Epilepsy
  • Blood storage should be first in, first out
    • A loss of viability and function and function associated with certain biochemical change that happens when blood is stored in vitro
    • Decreased glucose, ATP, sodium, ph, WBC and DGP
    • Increased plasma hemoglobin, Potassium, Lactate dehydrogenase, ammonia
  • Storage temperature of whole blood and WBC should be 1-6 °C or less than/equal -65 °C
  • Storage temperature of plasma should be -18 °C or -65 °C
  • Storage temperature of platelets should be 20-24 °C, with constant agitation
  • Storage temperature of granulocytes and leukocytes should be 20-24 °C
  • Deferral is the prevention of the donor from donating
  • Permanent deferral is when prospective donor will never be eligible to donate blood for someone else
    • May be eligible to donate autologous blood only
    • May result from testing performed on previous donation
  • Temporary deferral is when donor is unable to donate blood for a limited period of time
    • e.g., donor has to receive a blood transfusion; deferral of 12 months from date of transfusion // donor received vaccination for yellow fever, defer for two weeks from date of vaccination
  • Temporary deferral is subjected to 3 years deferral when
  • Temporary deferral is subjected to 1 year deferral when
  • Temporary deferral is subjected to 2 months deferral when:
    • Donor had recent blood donation
  • Temporary deferral is subjected to 1 month deferral when
  • Temporary deferral is subjected to 6 weeks deferral when:
    • Donor had delivery of baby (AABB)
    • in the Philippines (9 months after child birth)
  • Temporary deferral is subjected to 48 hrs deferral when
  • Temporary deferral is subjected to 12 hrs deferral when:
    • Donor had alcohol intake
  • Temporary deferral is subjected to 4 hrs deferral when:
    • After smoking