HSB- REPRODUCTION

• WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF REPRODUCTION?

  Sexual and Asexual reproduction
• What does Sexual Reproduction require?

  Fusion of a male gametes and female gametes (sex cell)
• What does Asexual Reproduction require?


  no fusion of gametes, single parent
• Asexual reproduction occurs by cell division called


  Mitosis (identical division)
• Asexual Reproduction facts

  no variation

  rapid process

  offspring remains close to parent

  vulnerable to reduction do to the fact that they are identical to eachother and adapt the same way (if environment conditions change they will all be affected)
• Sexual Reproduction facts


  variation
• The name of the hormone produced by the ovary?


  Estrogen and progesterone
• The name of the hormone produced by the testes?

  Testosterone
• The female gonads are the..


  Ovaries
• The male gonads are the..


  Testes
• What do the testes make?


  Sperms
• What does the epididymis do?

  Stores sperms
• What does the scrotum do?

  Suspends testis outside body cavity (to regulate temperature)
• What does the vas deferens do?


  Transports sperm to urethra
• The prostate gland secretes..


  Seminal fluid
• The nutrients and enzymes that activate sperm are produced and stored by..

  Seminal vesicle and the Cowper's gland
• The urethra transports..

  (male)

  Semen and urine
• What does the ovary produce?

  Ova
• Where does the fetus develop?

  uterus (womb)
• When does ovulation start?


  The 14th day of the period
• What does FSH stand for?


  Follicle Stimulating hormone
• What does FSH do?

  causes ovum to mature into follicle

  stimulates ovaries to secrete oestrogen
• What doe LH stand for?


  Luteinising hormone
• What does LH do?


  stimulates ovulation
• What does Oestrogen do?

  prepares uterus lining for implantation

  controls menstruation
• What does Progesterone do?

  maintains uterus lining for zygote

  stops ovulation
• What is Fertilisation?


  fusion of the sperm with the ovum (forms zygote)
• When does Implantation occur?


  Days 20-23 of menstrual cycle
• What does Gestation mean?


  the process or period of developing inside the womb between conception and birth.
• Uterus wall

  protects fetus

  muscular for contractions at birth
• Amnion


  membrane enclosing the amniotic fluid,

  acts as shock absorber

  allows fetus to move
• Umbilical cord


  Carries nutrients and oxygen in the vein and waste in arteries
• Placenta


  barrier between maternal and fetal blood

  allows diffusion of nutrients and oxygen to fetus

  as well as moving waste away from fetus
• Villi


  large surface area

  exchange of materials between blood of mother and fetus
• How long does it take for an embryo to become a fetus?


  8 weeks after fertilization
• What are the 3 stages of labour and birth


  Stage 1- Dilation of the cervix

  Stage 2-Expelling of the Fetus

  Stage 3-Expelling of the placenta
• The uterine lining thickens during pregnancy due to increased levels of estrogen and progesterone. This provides support and nourishment for the growing fetus.
• The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein. The arteries carry deoxygenated blood away from the fetus while the vein carries oxygenated blood towards the fetus. This allows for gas exchange between the mother and fetus.
• Fallopian tubes transport eggs from ovaries to uterus. They have finger like folds called fimbriae at the end which helps pick up the egg when released from the ovary. The fertilised egg then travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus where implantation occurs.
• The cervix connects the vagina to the uterus, it also produces mucous which changes during menstrual cycle. It has two openings; one for the egg to pass through into the fallopian tube and another opening for menstruation.