DNA

• What is a chromosome made of?


  A chemical called DNA
• What does DNA contain?


  Coded information for building and operating an organism
• Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?


  In the nucleus
• What is the structure of DNA?


  Two strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix
• What is a gene?


  A small section of DNA found on a chromosome
• What does each gene code for?


  A particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein
• What is a genome?


  The entire set of genetic material in an organism
• Why is understanding the human genome important?


  It helps identify genes linked to diseases and develop treatments
• How can scientists trace the migration of populations using genomes?


  By looking at genetic variations in the genomes
• What are DNA molecules made up of?


  Nucleotides
• What does each nucleotide consist of?


  A sugar, a phosphate group, and one base
• What is complementary base pairing?


  A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G
• How does the order of bases in a gene affect proteins?


  It decides the order of amino acids in a protein
• What do non-coding parts of DNA do?


  They can switch genes on and off
• How many chromosomes do gametes contain?


  23 chromosomes