cell specialisation

• palisade mesophyll cells are specialized because they have...

  • many chloroplasts
  • large vacuole
  • thin cell wall
  • large surface area
• how does many chloroplasts help with the palisade cell function?


  rate of photosynthesis is increased
• how does the vacuole help with the palisade cell function?

  allows more light absorbtion and helps to store sugar and starch
• how does having a thin cell wall help the palisade cell with its function?


  allows quick diffusion of CO2
• root hair cells are specialized because they have:


  • many mitochondria
  • large vacuole
  • root hairs
• what is the role of a root hair cell?

  to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil
• how does having many mitochondria help with the function of a root hair cell?


  provides energy for active transport
• how does having root hairs help with the function of a root hair cell?


  increased surface area to absorb more minerals and ions
• neutrophils are specialized because....


  • they have a large lobed nucleus
  • have many lysosomes
  • have surface receptors
• how does lysosomes help neutrophils with their function?


  digestion of foreign substances
• Phagocytosis


  A process where a cell engulfs and digests large particles, such as foreign substances, waste, or damaged cellular components.
• the function of neutrophils is to destroy invading microorganisms by phagocytosis, releasing enzymes into the phagosome which digest the contents.
• how does the flexibility of a neutrophil help it with its function?


  can squeeze through capiliary walls
• what makes red blood cells specialized?


  • biconcave shape
  • does not have nucleus
  • contains haemoglobin
  • thin cell wall
• red blood cells are biconcave disc shape so they can fit easily between capillary walls and increase surface area for gas exchange