Section B (Key idea 3 + 5)

• What is deforestation?


  A reduction of forest cover due to logging, cattle ranching, and plantations
• What is afforestation?


  Planting trees
• What are the key ideas related to deforestation?


  • Brazil loses the most amount of tropical rainforest (TRF) per year
  • 80% of animals live in the TRF
  • Deforestation contributes 24% to global warming
  • Main drivers include logging, cattle ranching, and agriculture
• What will happen if deforestation continues without intervention?


  The tropical rainforest will disappear in 100 years
• What percentage of animals live in the tropical rainforest?


  80%
• How does deforestation affect rainfall?


  Less trees lead to reduced rainfall and increased drought
• What are the effects of deforestation on temperature and carbon dioxide levels?


  Deforestation leads to temperature increase and higher carbon dioxide levels
• What are the main drivers of deforestation in the Amazon and Southeast Asia?


  • Amazon: Cattle ranching, logging, and agriculture
  • Southeast Asia: Palm oil and cocoa production
• What percentage of products generated on former rainforest land are exported in Southeast Asia?


  75%
• What percentage of deforestation is due to commercial agriculture?


  80%
• What percentage of deforestation is due to illegal conversion of land for agriculture?


  30%
• What percentage of exported products are from illegal conversion of rainforest land to agriculture?


  75%
• Why does Mato Grosso have the highest deforestation?


  It is closer to big rich cities with more demand for resources
• Why does Para have high deforestation?


  Deforestation is the main source of income for Para state
• What does HDI stand for?


  Human Development Index
• What are the GDP and HDI statistics for the UK, Para, Southeast Brazil, and Brazil?


  • UK: Population 67m, GDP $2.7t, HDI 0.920, GDP per capita $48,169
  • Para: Population 7.5m, GDP $12m, HDI 0.698, GDP per capita $5,977
  • SE Brazil: Population 60m, GDP $981b, HDI 0.795, GDP per capita $19,990
  • Brazil: Population 210m, GDP $1.8t, HDI 0.761, GDP per capita $17,106
• What is resource exploitation?


  Using limited resources for economic purposes
• What are examples of resource exploitation?


  Mining, dams, and logging
• What are forest clearing activities?


  Activities that clear forests for agriculture or development
• What is the main cause of deforestation?


  Cattle ranching accounts for 80% of deforestation
• What are the most important impacts of deforestation?


  Negative impacts:

  • Economic development destroys resources
  • Soil erosion due to lack of tree canopy
  • Contribution to global warming

  
  

  Positive impact:

  • Increased quality of life with more jobs available