Reading 2

• What do both accounts by Echegoyen and Piernavieja agree on regarding the execution of the three priests?


  They attribute it to friar intrigues
• What did the four friar Provincials allegedly do to eliminate their opponents?


  They sent a friar similar in appearance to Burgos to stir up rebels
• Who allegedly provided Echegoyen with information for his account?

  Father Cipriano Navarro
• Why are the documents by Echegoyen and Piernavieja considered unreliable?


  They were written under duress after torture
• What influence did the accounts by Echegoyen and Piernavieja have despite their unreliability?


  They had considerable subsequent influence on later accounts
• Who are the two principal authors with possible connections to the events of the Cavite Mutiny?

  • Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera
  • Pedro Paterno
• What was the purpose of Pardo de Tavera's account regarding the Cavite Mutiny?


  It was part of a general survey of Philippine history for the census of 1903
• How does Pardo de Tavera view the Cavite Mutiny?


  As an uprising due to disaffection among workers, not a plot to overthrow Spanish rule
• What did conservative elements in Manila believe about the Cavite Mutiny?


  They believed it was proof of a plot against Spanish sovereignty
• What does Pardo de Tavera attribute the disaffection of Filipinos with Spain to?


  The identification of Spanish interests with friar interests starting from 1872
• What was the outcome of Pardo de Tavera's protests regarding the translation of his work?


  His original Spanish was published as a separate book
• How does Father Serapio Tamayo's response to Pardo de Tavera's account contribute to the historical narrative?


  It serves as a quasi-official defense of the friars
• What does Tamayo's examination of events from 1869-1872 reveal?


  It adds nothing new to Montero y Vidal's account
• What is the significance of Pedro Paterno's background in relation to the events of 1872?


  His father was deported during the events, but he was a student in Spain
• What do Paterno's works generally lack in terms of historical accuracy?


  They are often short on facts and contain many errors
• How does Paterno attribute the revolt of 1872 in his writings?


  He attributes it to the friars' ire against Burgos
• What is the general conclusion about Paterno's historical accounts?


  They are dependent on earlier sources and contain factual errors
• What are the main criticisms of Paterno's works regarding the Cavite Mutiny?


  • Short on facts
  • Contains many factual errors
  • Dependent on earlier sources
• What does the second book contain regarding Filipino secular priests?


  A series of biographies and bibliographies of outstanding Filipino secular priests
• Why does the author attribute the revolt of 1872 to the friars?

  Because Burgos incurred the ire of the Recoletos and Dominicans
• What contradiction exists in the biography of Burgos regarding his birth year?


  It gives two distinct years for his birth
• What was the purpose of the newspaper La Verdad founded by Gómez?


  It was dedicated to the defense of Filipino interests
• Who published the anti-friar pamphlet in 1900?


  Mabini
• What does Mabini claim about his knowledge of the events surrounding the executions?


  He makes no claim to have had first-hand knowledge
• What is the significance of the pamphlet signed by José M. Basa and others?


  It attacks Spanish abuses and requests American intervention
• What does the pamphlet claim about the executions and exiles of 1872?


  They were due to friar intrigues and bribery of the government
• What type of document is the pamphlet signed by Basa and others?


  A printed pamphlet addressed to the American Consul-General
• How does the author view the credibility of Basa's account?


  It is viewed with skepticism due to widespread untruths in his propaganda
• What does the author suggest about the broader assertion of Regidor regarding the Cavite mutiny?


  It may have been used by Spaniards to eliminate the liberal reformist Filipino group
• What does Paterno add to the accounts of the events of 1872?


  He adds nothing of value as independent sources
• What is the nature of Paterno's writings regarding the events of 1872?


  They are characterized by factual errors and self-promotion
• What does the author conclude about the story of a friar plot to eliminate their enemies?


  It must be considered an invention without further proof
• What does the author suggest about the role of Izquierdo in the events of 1872?


  Evidence points to him as directly responsible for the execution of the three priests
• What is the title of Mabini's posthumously published work that discusses the events of 1872?


  La Revolución Filipina
• What does the author imply about the historical value of the compilations produced by Paterno in his later years?


  They are primarily compilations from his earlier works and lack critical historical sense
• How does the author assess the reliability of Regidor's account of the events?


  It is the most informative but not an eyewitness account
• When was Regidor appointed?


  Months before April 4, 1871
• What does the author suggest about the friar plot to eliminate their enemies?


  It must be considered an invention without further proof
• What does Regidor's assertion about the Cavite mutiny imply?


  It suggests that it was used by Spaniards to eliminate the liberal reformist Filipino group
• Who does the evidence point to as responsible for the execution of the three priests?

  It points to Izquierdo rather than any group of friars