Cavite

• What is the significance of the 12th of June for Filipinos?


  It is celebrated as the Philippines’ Independence Day.
• Why is the year 1898 significant for Filipinos?


  It marks the declaration of Philippine independence from Spanish rule.
• What two major events occurred in 1872?

  The Cavite Incident and the martyrdom of GOMBURZA.
• What was the effect of the execution of GOMBURZA on Filipino nationalism?


  It was a major factor in awakening nationalism among Filipinos.
• What was the Cavite Incident of 1872?


  It was an uprising of Filipino military personnel at Fort San Felipe on January 20, 1872.
• How many troops participated in the Cavite Incident?


  Around 200 locally recruited colonial troops and laborers.
• What was the outcome of the Cavite Incident?


  The incident was unsuccessful, and many participants were executed.
• What are the two perspectives on the Cavite Incident?


  • Spanish Perspective: Viewed as a revolution against Spanish authority.
  • Filipino Perspective: Considered a mutiny due to dissatisfaction with lost privileges.
• Who documented the Spanish perspective of the Cavite Incident?

  Jose Montero y Vidal.
• What did Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo's report imply about the Cavite Incident?


  It implicated the native clergy in the uprising.
• Who were the three martyr priests associated with the Cavite Incident?

  Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA).
• What was the main cause of the Cavite Incident according to Jose Montero y Vidal?


  It was an attempt by the natives to overthrow the Spanish government.
• What did Trinidad Pardo de Tavera argue about the intentions of the Filipinos during the Cavite Incident?


  He believed it was a simple mutiny without intentions of separation from Spain.
• How did the friars react to the Cavite Incident according to Trinidad Pardo de Tavera?


  They reported it as a broad conspiracy to abolish Spanish sovereignty.
• What immediate cause did Edmund Plauchut identify for the Cavite Incident?


  A commanding order from Gov. Izquierdo requiring personal taxes and forced labor.
• What happened to the Filipino soldiers after the Cavite Incident?


  Some were disarmed and sent into exile, while others were executed.
• What was the significance of the execution of GOMBURZA?


  It inspired Filipino patriots to call for reforms and independence.
• How did the execution of GOMBURZA affect Filipino sentiments?


  • It severed ill-feelings towards the Spanish government.
  • It inspired calls for reforms and independence.
  • It highlighted injustices faced by Filipinos.
• What does the phrase "not forget those who fell during the night" refer to?


  It refers to remembering those who sacrificed for freedom.
• What should we remember about the road to independence for Filipinos?


  • It was rough and involved sacrifices.
  • Many patriots shed blood for reforms and independence.
  • Historical awareness is crucial for a better future.
• Revolution


  Creating a new order or government
• Mutiny


  • correcting abuses within an existing order, and then returning to normalcy.
  • do NOT want to overthrow the government
  • is done by thos who have status
• Pre-1872 Revolts


  
  

  Gabriela Silang and the Palaris Revolt

  often uncoordinated, leading to their defeat
• Religious Orientation of Revolts


  Many early revolts had religious motivations, with figures like Bancao, Sumuroy, and Hermano Pule leading significant movements in the 17th and 19th centuries
• Hermano Pule


  Leader of the Cofradia de San Jose, he was executed in 1841 after a failed uprising, which highlighted the brutal suppression by the Spanish .
• Fr. Pedro Pelaez


  A pioneer of secularization, he was connected to the aspirations for independence and the fight for religious freedom
• Glorious Revolution of 1868


  This event in Spain led to a liberal governor-general, Carlos Maria de la Torre, being appointed to the Philippines, resulting in temporary reforms
• Return to Conservatism


  Following the fall of the republican government, strict governance returned under Rafael de Izquierdo, affecting liberal movements in the Philippines
• Abolition of the Galleon Trade


  The end of this trade in 1815 opened the Philippines to world trade, leading to the influx of liberal ideas from Europe
• Emergence of Banditry


  Displacement due to land grabbing by friars led to increased lawlessness, particularly in Cavite, known as "La Madre de los Ladrones"
• Conflict Between Secular and Regular Priests


  The struggle for control over parishes highlighted the clash between secular priests and friars, with many secular priests advocating for their rightful place in church governance
• Racial Dynamics


  The issue of "purity of blood" created barriers for Filipino priests, who were often viewed as inferior by Spanish friars
• Fr. Mariano Gomes, Fr. Jose Burgos, and Fr. Jacinto Zamora:


  Known collectively as GOMBURZA, these priests were pivotal in the fight for secularization and were executed in 1872, becoming martyrs for Philippine nationalism
• Impact on Nationalism (GOMBURZA)


  Their execution galvanized the movement for independence and inspired future generations to continue the struggle against colonial rule
• Background of GOMBURZA

  • The "Committee of Reformers" included influential figures such as Fr. Mariano Gomes and Fr. Jacinto Zamora, who advocated for necessary reforms in the Philippines to promote progress and change among the people
  • Fr. Jose Burgos, a key figure in early Philippine anthropology, influenced students at the University of Santo Tomas during the Propaganda Movement

  .
• Historical Context


  • The demonstration of 1869 at UST highlighted the disrespect faced by Filipinos, urging recognition of their worth through historical context
  • Despite some Filipinos achieving wealth during the Galleon Trade, they were still looked down upon by Spaniards, leading to feelings of insecurity among the colonizers
• Cavite Mutiny (1872)

  • The Cavite Mutiny was sparked by the stripping of privileges from Filipino soldiers at the Spanish arsenal, leading to a revolt on January 20, 1872
  • The mutiny was quickly suppressed, resulting in the execution of several individuals, including the three priests, who were wrongfully implicated in the uprising
• Trial and Execution of GOMBURZA

  • The trial of Fr. Gomes, Fr. Burgos, and Fr. Zamora was swift and lacked substantial evidence, reflecting a mockery of justice
  • Despite the Archbishop of Manila advocating for their dignity, the priests were executed on February 17, 1872, in Bagumbayan, using the garrote method
• Impact and Legacy (GOBURZA)

  • The martyrdom of GOMBURZA became a rallying cry for future movements, inspiring nationalistic sentiments among Filipinos
  • Their execution marked a turning point in Philippine history, igniting the Propaganda Movement and ultimately leading to the Philippine Revolution
• The events surrounding GOMBURZA significantly contributed to the formation of a national identity among Filipinos, leading to a unified struggle against colonial oppression