READING 2

• Who were suspicious of Filipino priests and liberal reformists during the time of De la Torre?


  Conservative Manila Spaniards, including many friars
• How did conservative Manila Spaniards interpret the Cavite Mutiny?


  As a revolution aimed at independence
• What is the main critique of Artigas' account of the events of 1872?


  It relies heavily on unreliable sources like Regidor and Piernavieja-Echegoyen
• What must historians be aware of when using Artigas' account?


  They must understand Artigas' sources and their value
• What is necessary for a complete and reliable historical picture according to the article?

  • Use published sources in conjunction with documentary archival sources
  • Evaluate the sources critically
  • Acknowledge the limitations of available records
• What is noted as a serious loss in the study of the Cavite Mutiny?


  The failure to locate the records of the trials
• What does the article suggest about the documentary material available for the Cavite Mutiny?


  There is a large amount of documentary material that can aid in reconstruction
• Who provided research assistance in the preparation of the list of sources?

  Miss Dolores Origeneza and Miss Rachel Abanil
• What type of publications were generally omitted from the article's evaluations?

  Textbooks and occasional popular articles
• What is the presumption of the article regarding the accounts of the Cavite Mutiny?


  That a critical reappraisal of published accounts is necessary for a satisfactory narrative
• What does the article suggest about the publication of archival sources in recent years?


  They provide a new basis for reconstructing history
• What must earlier accounts provide for the reconstruction of events of the Cavite Mutiny?


  A basic framework
• What is the significance of the story of the Recoleto friar impersonating Burgos?


  It highlights inconsistencies in the accounts of the events
• What does the article suggest about the accounts of Father Antonio Piernavieja and Father Agapito Echegoyen?


  They provide conflicting information about the impersonation of Burgos
• What does Regidor's account published in Paris omit regarding the impersonation of Father Burgos?


  Any mention of an impersonation
• How does Regidor's fuller account of 1900 describe Father Juan Gómez's involvement?


  He incited workers to resist the removal of their privileges
• What does the article conclude about the reliability of the sources regarding the Cavite Mutiny?


  Only three independent major versions deserve serious consideration
• Which author maintains the official thesis that the mutiny was part of a larger revolt?


  Montero
• What does Pardo de Tavera's account indicate about the three priests?


  They were innocent of the revolt
• What is the significance of the emotional anti-friar tone in Pardo de Tavera's account?


  It suggests bias but still provides reliable evidence
• What does the article suggest about the role of the government in the execution of the three priests?


  The government used the occasion of the Mutiny to silence liberal tendencies
• Who wrote extensively on Philippine history in the first three decades after the Revolution?

  Manuel Artigas y Cuerva
• What is the title of Manuel Artigas' major work on the events of 1872?


  Los sucesos de 1872
• How does Artigas' treatment of the events of 1872 compare to his other works?


  It is somewhat unsystematic and less detailed
• What does Retana's prologue to Rizal's El filibusterismo indicate about the execution of the three priests?


  It was the government who took advantage of the occasion to silence liberal tendencies
• What is the significance of the works of Retana in the context of the Cavite Mutiny?


  They reflect a strongly anti-friar character
• How does Artigas' treatment of the events in his Historia de Filipinas compare to Los sucesos de 1872?


  It is identical except for a recasting of the material
• What are the key conclusions regarding the reliability of sources on the Cavite Mutiny?

  1. Three independent major versions are credible: Montero, Regidor, and Pardo de Tavera.
  2. Montero supports the official thesis of a larger revolt.
  3. Pardo de Tavera provides the most reliable account despite bias.
  4. Regidor's account contains false assertions about a friar conspiracy.
• What does the article suggest about the role of the friars in the execution of the three priests?


  They were primarily the enemies who supported the execution
• What does Mabini's chapter discuss regarding the martyr-priests?


  It discusses their place in the Revolution
• How does Mabini's reference to Burgos' protest of innocence relate to Plauchut's account?


  It suggests Mabini is dependent on Plauchut's account
• What does Retana suggest about the Government's role during the Mutiny in the Philippines?


  He suggests that the Government took advantage of the occasion to silence liberal tendencies.
• What is the title of Artigas' work that contains a biographical amount and bibliography?


  Dictionary
• How does Artigas' treatment of the events in his Historia de Filipinas compare to Los sucesos de 1872?


  It is identical except for a recasting of the material.
• What is the significance of Artigas' work on the Cavite mutiny?


  It is the fullest account of the Cavite mutiny and its background available.
• What type of documents does Artigas reproduce in his work on the Cavite mutiny?


  He reproduces a number of documents from the period that were not previously published.
• What is a limitation of Artigas' work regarding the documents he presents?


  He does not provide sources for the documents he reproduces.
• On whose accounts does Artigas primarily depend in his work?


  He depends principally on the accounts of Regidor and the alleged confessions of Fathers Piernavieja and Echegoyen.
• What does Artigas assert about the friar-impersonator of Burgos?


  He asserts that the account should be accepted as authentic.
• What contradiction exists in Artigas' attribution of roles in the mutiny?


  He attributes the role of impersonator to Father Juan Gómez, which contradicts Piernavieja's account that attributes it to Father Claudio del Arco.