Fast recap

• According to Miller, how many items do people generally remember?


  About 7 items
• What does Cowan suggest is the probable limit for chunks in memory?


  4 chunks
• What did Simon find regarding chunk size and recall?


  Larger chunks mean fewer recalled
• How does the digit span of 19-year-olds compare to that of 8-year-olds according to Jacobs?


  19-year-olds have a longer digit span
• What was the duration of short-term memory (STM) found by Peterson and Peterson?


  18 seconds
• What method did Peterson and Peterson use to prevent verbal rehearsal?


  Used consonant syllables
• What percentage of accuracy did Bahrick et al. find for face recognition after 48 years?


  70%
• What percentage of accuracy did Bahrick et al. find for name recognition after 48 years?


  30%
• What is a limitation of using consonant syllables in memory studies?


  They are not meaningful
• What did Reitman use to avoid displacement in his study on STM duration?


  Auditory tones
• What was the effect of using auditory tones in Reitman's study?


  It led to longer duration of STM
• What did Baddeley find regarding the difficulty of remembering acoustically similar words?


  It is difficult in STM but not in LTM
• What is the reverse finding regarding semantically similar words in Baddeley's research?


  It is easy to remember in STM but difficult in LTM
• What alternative coding methods were suggested by Brandimote et al. and Wickens et al.?


  STM can be visual and semantic
• What did Frost find regarding long-term memory (LTM) coding?


  LTM can be visual
• What did Nelson and Rothbart find regarding LTM coding?


  LTM can be acoustic
• What was a limitation of Baddeley's study regarding LTM testing?


  LTM was tested by waiting 20 minutes
• In Jacob‘s study what was the average span of digits for items/letters?


  9.3 items/7.3 letters