Topic 6: Inheritance, variation and evolution

Created by

Marafy

Cards (69)

Lamarck proposed the theory that changes in an organism during its life could be inherited.
what causes variation?
gene inherited
conditions developed
both environmental and genetic factors
state 2 inherited disorders?
polydactyly caused by a dominant allele
cystic fibrosis caused by a recessive allele
which allele is always expressed ?
dominant
what is a phenotype? 
an gene that is expressed
what is heterozygous?
different alleles
what is meant by homozygous?
same alleles
what is an allele?
different versions of the same gene
how many parents in sexual reproduction?
2
how many parents in asexually reproduction?
1
does sexual reproduction consist of meiosis?
yes
does asexual reproduction consist of meiosis?
no
what reproduction do games fuse in?
sexual
does sexual reproduction consist of mitosis?
yes
does asexual reproduction consist of mitosis?
yes
what happens to the genetic information in sexual reproduction?
mixed
what happens to the genetic information in asexual reproduction?
not mixed
what happens to the offsprings in sexual reproduction?
not identical
what happens to the offsprings in asexual reproduction?
identical
what is Diploid?
Two sets of chromosomes 46
what is a haploid?
one set of chromosomes 23
what does meiosis produce?
4 genetically different daughter cells / gametes
what does each gamete have after meiosis?
half the genetic information of parent cells
what is sexual reproduction in animals?
fusion of egg and sperm gametes
what is sexual reproduction in plants?
pollen and egg cell
what is a genome?
The complete set of genetic material in an organism
What is a chromasome?
long coil of DNA
Whats an allele?
different versions of the same gene eg dominant and ressesive
how does antibiotic resistance occur?
they will take antibiotics to kill the bacteria
some of the bacteria develop mutations against the antibiotic
the antibiotic will kill all bacteria except ones which are resistant
the antibiotic bacteria can multiply by binary fission and grow
there is now a strain which cannot be killed by antibiotics
how can we reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance?
decrease the use of it
how do farmers use antibiotics?
to help grow farm animals faster
why is antibiotic resistance getting more common?
doctors over prescribe in unnecessary cases
people dont complete full course of antibiotics so not all bacteria is killed
why is the spread of antibiotic resistance a problem?
wont be able to treat infections as bacteria is resistant
more people can die of bacterial infections
what are the advantages of using a binomial sequence?
lets scientists talks about specific species
each species have a unique name
which scientist developed the traditional classification of living organisms ?
Carl Linnaeus
what is the order for the Linnaean classification?
Domain , Kingdom , Phylum , Class , Order , Family, Genus, Species
Carl Woese proposed the domain system , what are the 3 domains called?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes
what do evolutionary trees show?
the evolutionary relationship between the organisms being studied
how does tissue culture work?
Find a plant with desirable characteristics
Take small pieces of plant tissue (explants) from the tips of stems.
Sterilise the explants to remove any microorganisms.
Place the explants in an agar and let them grow into small masses of cells called calluses. The agar plate should also contain growth hormones.
Transfer the calluses to soil where they can grow into plantlets ( baby plants).
The plantlets can then be transferred to their own pots to develop into genetically identical adult plants
how does cuttings work?
find a plant with desirable characteristics that you want to clone and cut of a small section of the shoot .
put the cutting in soil with hormones
the cutting will grow to be identical to the original plant