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Volumetric Analysis-Chemistry
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Cards (49)
What is the technique used to find the concentration of an unknown solution called?
Titration
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What is
volumetric analysis
?
It is a method used to determine the concentration of a solution through
titration
.
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What equipment is used to measure the solution being titrated?
A pipette
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Why are
measuring cylinders
less accurate than
pipettes
in
titrations
?
Because measuring cylinders are only used when the volume does not affect the
outcome
of the analysis.
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What is the purpose of the
indicator
in a
titration
?
To show when the base has been
neutralised
completely by the acid.
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What is the
end-point
in a titration?
It is when the
indicator
just changes colour.
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How accurate are volumes read from a
measuring cylinder
?
Accurate to
0.5 cm³
.
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What is the scale interval on a
burette
?
0.1 cm³
.
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How accurate is the scale on a
burette
?
It is accurate to
0.05 cm³
.
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What are the steps involved in a
titration
process?
Measure the unknown solution with a
pipette
into a conical flask.
Add an
indicator
to the solution.
Slowly add the known concentration solution from a
burette
.
Observe the end-point when the indicator changes colour.
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Titrations
are used to determine the amount of
acid
or
base
needed to neutralize a solution, as well as the strength of acids and bases.
What is the definition of
concentration
in
volumetric analysis
?
Concentration is the number of
moles
of a solid that dissolve in 1
dm³
of solution.
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What does 1
dm³
equal in
cm³
?
1 dm³ equals
1000
cm³.
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What is the
unit of concentration
?
The unit of concentration is
mol dm³
.
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What does a
concentration
of
0.2 mol dm³
indicate?
It means that 0.2
moles
of solid are dissolved in 1 dm³ of solution.
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How do you calculate concentration using
moles
and volume?
Concentration
= No. of moles / Volume (in
dm³
).
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What is the alternative formula for
concentration
when volume is in cm³?
Conc.
=
Moles
x 1000 /
Volume
(cm³).
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What should you do if the volume in a question is given in
cm³
?
You should divide it by 1000 first to convert it into
dm³
.
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What is another word for
concentration
?
Another word for concentration is
molarity
.
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How is
molarity
defined?
Molarity is the number of
moles
of a solid dissolved in 1
dm³
of solution.
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What is the process to find the concentration of a solution?
Determine the number of
moles
of the solid.
Measure the volume of the solution in
dm³
.
Use the formula:
Concentration
=
No.
of moles / Volume (in dm³).
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What are the conversions related to volume in
volumetric analysis
?
1
dm³
=
1000
cm³
To convert cm³ to dm³, divide by 1000.
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What is a
standard solution
?
A solution for which the
concentration
is accurately known
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How is a
standard solution
prepared?
An accurately known mass is dissolved in
deionised water
and made up to an
accurate volume
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What equipment is used to prepare a standard solution?
A
volumetric flask
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What are the steps to prepare a
standard solution
?
Weigh an
accurate mass
of solid in a clean, dry beaker using a
top pan balance
.
Dissolve the solid in
50-100 cm³
of
deionised water
and stir with a glass rod.
Transfer the solution to a
250 cm³
volumetric flask.
Rinse the beaker and glass rod with deionised water and add rinsings to the volumetric flask.
Make up to the mark with deionised water until the bottom of the meniscus is on the mark.
Stopper the flask and invert to mix thoroughly.
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What is the purpose of rinsing the beaker and glass rod with
deionised
water during
standard solution
preparation?
To ensure all the solute is transferred to the
volumetric
flask
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What does the term
'meniscus'
refer to in the context of
volumetric analysis
?
The curved surface at the top of a column of liquid
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What should be done after making up the solution to the mark in a
volumetric flask
?
Stopper
the flask and invert to mix
thoroughly
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What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen ions and
hydroxide
ions?
H⁺
+ OH⁻ →
H₂O
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What occurs when an
acid
reacts with an
alkali
?
A
neutralisation reaction
occurs.
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How is the
end-point
of a
titration
determined?
It is determined when equal numbers of
moles
of acid and alkali are present.
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What is a
base
?
A base is a
metal oxide
or
hydroxide
that
neutralises
an
acid
to make
salt
and
water
.
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What is an
alkali
?
An alkali is a
soluble
base.
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What is a salt in the context of
acid-base
reactions?
A salt is the compound formed when some or all of the
hydrogen ions
of an acid are replaced by
metal
or
ammonium ions
.
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What is the general reaction formula for
neutralisation
?
Acid
+
Alkali
→
Salt
+
Water
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What type of salts does
hydrochloric acid
(
HCl
) produce?
Chlorides
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What type of salts does
sulfuric acid
(
H₂SO₄
) produce?
Sulfates
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What type of salts does
nitric acid
(
HNO₃
) produce?
Nitrates
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What type of salts does
ethanoic acid
(
CH₃COOH
) produce?
Ethanoates
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See all 49 cards
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