Karen Horney

• Who developed the psychoanalytic social theory known as Horneyan Theory?


  Karen Horney
• What is the significance of Horney's psychoanalytic social theory?


  It has had a lasting influence on understanding personality and interpersonal relationships.
• When was Karen Horney born and when did she die?


  1885-1952
• How did Horney's work relate to Freud's theories?


  Her work developed in response to Freud's theories of psychoanalysis.
• What did Horney believe about Freud's emphasis on the unconscious mind?


  She believed it was overly deterministic and had limitations.
• What did Horney seek to include in psychoanalysis?


  Social and cultural factors, along with a more humanistic perspective.
• What is basic anxiety according to Horney?


  • A fundamental anxiety due to feelings of helplessness and insecurity.
  • Result of inadequate nurturing and lack of genuine love during childhood.
  • Affects psychological well-being throughout life.
• What are the three coping strategies proposed by Horney?

  1. Moving Towards People (Compliance)
  2. Moving Against People (Aggression)
  3. Moving Away from People (Detachment)
• What does "Moving Towards People" entail?


  It involves seeking affection, approval, and comfort from others.
• How do individuals cope by "Moving Against People"?


  They become aggressive, domineering, and competitive.
• What does "Moving Away from People" mean in Horney's theory?


  It means withdrawing from social relationships and maintaining emotional distance.
• What are neurotic needs according to Horney?


  • Ten unrealistic and unhealthy needs developed from coping strategies.
  • Represent maladaptive attempts to alleviate basic anxiety.
• What is the first neurotic need identified by Horney?


  The need for affection and approval.
• What characterizes the need for a partner who will take over?

  Desire for someone strong to take control of their lives.
• What does the need for restriction involve?


  A strong need for rules, structure, and order in life.
• How does the need for power manifest in individuals?


  They strive for control over others and can be domineering.
• What does the need to exploit others entail?


  Using others for personal gain without regard for their well-being.
• What is the need for social recognition?


  Seeking constant attention and admiration from others.
• How does the need for personal admiration differ from social recognition?


  It involves a strong desire for personal admiration and special attention.
• What drives individuals with the need for personal achievement?


  A need to prove their worth to themselves and others.
• What does the need for self-sufficiency and independence involve?


  Avoiding reliance on others and aiming for self-sufficiency.
• How does the need for perfection and unassailability manifest?


  Aiming for perfection and being critical of oneself and others.
• What is the idealized self in Horney's theory?


  • A false image of perfection individuals aspire to.
  • Compensates for feelings of inadequacy.
  • Serves as a defense mechanism against worthlessness.
• How does Horney view the role of gender and culture in personality development?


  • Emphasizes the impact of cultural norms and gender roles.
  • Influences the development of neurotic needs and coping strategies.
• What are the key contributions of Horney's theory?

  • Integration of social factors into psychoanalysis.
  • More humanistic and less deterministic approach.
  • Clinical relevance in understanding and treating neuroses.
  • Contributions to gender studies and societal roles.
• Who is Erik Erikson?


  A German-American psychologist known for his contributions to developmental psychology.
• What does Erikson's Post-Freudian theory focus on?


  Human development as a lifelong process marked by psychosocial stages.
• How many psychosocial stages are in Erikson's theory?


  • Eight psychosocial stages.
  • Each characterized by a particular psychosocial crisis.
• What is the first psychosocial stage in Erikson's theory?


  Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy, 0-1 years).
• What is developed during the Trust vs. Mistrust stage?


  A sense of trust or mistrust based on caregiver consistency.
• What is the focus of the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage?


  Children exploring independence and asserting themselves.
• What do children develop during the Initiative vs. Guilt stage?


  A sense of initiative through curiosity and taking on responsibilities.
• What is the focus of the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?


  Children engage in productive activities and develop competence.
• What is the primary concern during the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage?


  Establishing identities and forming a clear sense of self.
• What do young adults strive for in the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage?


  To form meaningful, intimate relationships.
• What is the focus of the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage?


  Contributing to the welfare of society through various activities.
• What do individuals reflect on during the Ego Integrity vs. Despair stage?


  They reflect on their lives and come to terms with their choices.
• How do cultural and social influences affect Erikson's theory?


  • Different societies emphasize different aspects of development.
  • Cultural norms and values influence the resolution of crises.
• What are the critiques and impacts of Erikson's theory?


  • Critiques: Stages may not be universally applicable.
  • Impact: Emphasis on lifespan perspective and social factors in development.
  • Used in counseling and therapeutic approaches.