Fromm and Maslow

• Who was Erich Fromm?


  Erich Fromm was a renowned psychoanalyst and humanistic philosopher.
• What is "humanistic psychoanalysis" as defined by Fromm?


  It is a psychoanalytic approach emphasizing self-awareness, freedom, and personal growth.
• When did Erich Fromm's work primarily take place?


  Fromm's work spanned the mid-20th century.
• What philosophical movements influenced Erich Fromm?


  Fromm was influenced by psychoanalysis, Marxism, existentialism, and humanism.
• Under whom did Erich Fromm train in psychoanalysis?


  Fromm trained under Sigmund Freud's direct supervision.
• What does Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis seek to integrate?


  It seeks to integrate elements of psychoanalysis, humanism, and existentialism.
• What are the essential existential needs identified by Fromm?


  • Relatedness
  • Rootedness
  • Sense of identity
  • Need for a frame of orientation
• What forms of alienation did Fromm identify?


  Fromm identified economic, political, and psychological alienation.
• How did Fromm view freedom and personal responsibility?


  He stressed that individuals must actively choose their actions and be accountable for them.
• What is the title of Fromm's book that discusses love?


  The title is "The Art of Loving."
• How does Fromm differentiate between love and narcissism?


  He sees love as a productive force and narcissism as self-centered and destructive.
• In what ways does Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis deviate from Freud's classical psychoanalysis?


  Fromm criticized Freud's emphasis on unconscious conflicts and the libido.
• What impact has Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis had on psychology?


  It laid the groundwork for humanistic and existential psychology.
• How did Fromm analyze the impact of modern capitalism?


  He analyzed its impact on human well-being.
• Who developed the "Holistic-Dynamic Theory"?


  Abraham Maslow developed the "Holistic-Dynamic Theory."
• What is the main premise of Maslow's Holistic-Dynamic Theory?


  It posits that human motivation is a complex interplay of multiple factors.
• In what year did Maslow propose his theory in "Motivation and Personality"?


  Maslow proposed his theory in 1954.
• What are the five hierarchical levels of needs in Maslow's theory?


  1. Physiological Needs
  2. Safety Needs
  3. Love and Belongingness Needs
  4. Esteem Needs
  5. Self-Actualization Needs
• What are physiological needs according to Maslow?

  Physiological needs include food, water, shelter, and sleep.
• What do safety needs encompass in Maslow's hierarchy?

  Safety needs include financial stability, physical safety, and predictability.
• What do love and belongingness needs involve?


  They involve the need for social belonging and interpersonal relationships.
• What are esteem needs according to Maslow?


  Esteem needs include self-esteem and esteem from others.
• What does self-actualization involve in Maslow's theory?


  Self-actualization involves realizing one's full potential and personal growth.
• What are the key principles of Maslow's Holistic-Dynamic Theory?


  1. Holism: Study the entire person and interconnectedness of needs.
  2. Hierarchy: Needs are organized hierarchically.
  3. Growth Motivation: Distinction between deficiency and growth needs.
  4. Subjectivity: Individual experiences of needs vary significantly.
• In what fields has Maslow's theory found application?


  It has been applied in psychology, education, business, and marketing.
• What criticisms have been made against Maslow's theory?


  Critics argue it is overly simplistic and not universally applicable.
• What do some researchers contend about Maslow's hierarchy of needs?


  They contend that the hierarchy may not be as fixed as Maslow proposed.
• How have modern psychologists responded to Maslow's theory?


  Some have expanded on or revised the theory to address criticisms.