nutrition

• What are carbohydrates classified as?

  Sugars, starch, and fibre
• Why are carbohydrates important for energy?

  They provide energy needed for bodily functions and activities
• What are simple sugars?

  Glucose and fructose
• How do sugars compare to starch in terms of digestion?

  Sugars are broken down faster than starch
• Why is it beneficial to eat starchy foods before sports?

  They need to be digested before energy can be used
• What are some examples of foods high in fibre?

  Brown rice, oats, and brown bread
• What happens to unused energy from carbohydrates?

  It is stored by the body as fat
• What is a common misconception about carbohydrates and weight gain?

  Carbohydrates, not fats, often contribute to being overweight
• What are the types of sugar used in home baking?

  1. Granulated sugar: general use
  2. Caster sugar: finer crystals for baking
  3. Brown sugars: demerara and muscovado for rich flavors
  4. Icing sugar: powdery for icing and sweets
• Where do most sugars originally come from?

  Sugar cane
• In what types of products is sugar naturally found?

  Fruits and honey
• What are some functions of sugar in food products?

  It sweetens, preserves, aerates, speeds up fermentation, adds color, and caramelizes
• What is caramelisation?

  Heating sugar until it becomes a sweet-tasting, brownish liquid
• What are the benefits of sugar substitutes?

  • Sweeten drinks and foods
  • Better for teeth and lower in calories
  • Suitable for diabetics
• Why shouldn't sugar substitutes be used for home baking?

  They don't have the same properties as cane sugar
• What is starch used for in food products?

  Starch is used as a bulking agent, gelling agent, and thickening agent.
• How does starch alter the structure of foods?

  Starch can change the texture and consistency of foods.
• What are modified starches also known as?

  Modified starches are called smart starches.
• What is the characteristic of pre-gelatinised starch?


  Pre-gelatinised starch dissolves instantly when mixed with hot water.
• What is syneresis in relation to protein heating?

  Syneresis is when protein coagulates and squeezes out fat and water.
• How do normal starches react to acid?

  Normal starches can be affected by acid and may not work properly.
• What role does gluten play in bread dough?

  Gluten helps bread dough to stretch and rise.
• What happens when dough made with flour is kneaded?

  A protein called gluten is formed.
• Why is strong bread flour preferred for making bread?

  Strong bread flour forms more gluten than other types of flour.
• How does gluten contribute to the rising of bread?

  Gluten stretches to hold the carbon dioxide produced by yeast.
• What happens to gluten when it reaches a high temperature?

  Gluten coagulates and changes into a more solid state.
• What is the effect of kneading dough on its texture?

  Kneading dough gives it elasticity and helps it rise.
• What happens when liquid is added to starch granules?

  • Starch granules swell and absorb water
  • This process thickens the mixture
  • It can lead to the formation of a gel
• What do meat, poultry, and fish provide in terms of nutrition?

  High-grade protein and other essential nutrients
• Why is protein important for our bodies?


  It helps build and repair muscles, bones, and organs, and aids in growth
• What are proteins made of?

  Amino acids
• What are essential amino acids?


  They are amino acids that the body cannot produce on its own
• Which foods contain all the essential amino acids?

  Meat, fish, milk, and eggs
• How can you obtain a wide range of essential amino acids?

  By consuming a variety of different foods, especially finger and pulse types
• What happens to protein when you eat it?

  Your body breaks it down into amino acids to build new cells
• What are the three main types of meat eaten in the UK?

  Beef, lamb, and pork
• What nutrients do beef and lamb provide?

  B vitamins and minerals like iron and zinc
• What is a characteristic of pork?

  It contains lots of vitamins, particularly vitamin B1, and rich fats
• What are red meats?

  Meat types like beef and lamb, though pork is sometimes classed as white meat
• What can excessive consumption of red meat lead to?

  Heart disease