Who? Asch / Milgram - American Participants; replication in different countries produced different results (Smith and Bond)
Why? Understanding of topics should only be applied to individualist cultures
Counterpoint: Classic studies
What? Individualist-collectivist distinction no longer applies
Who? Takano and Osaka - no evidence of individualism or collectivism; distinction is "lazy and simplistic"
Why? Cultural bias less of an issue in recent research
Strength: Cultural psychology
What? Emergence of cultural psychology
Who? Cohen; Cultural psychology = study of howpeopleshape and are shaped by cultural experience - striving to avoidethnocentric assumptions through an emic approach
Why? Modern psychologists taking steps to avoid cultural bias
Limitation: Ethnic stereotyping
What? Prejudice against groups of people
Who? Gould - first intelligence tests caused eugenic social policies in America; Ethnic minorities deemed 'mentally unfit' in comparison to white majority
Why? Cultural bias cannot be used to justify prejudice
