Cultural bias

• What is culture?

  The set of ideas, behaviours, attitudes and traditions that exist within large groups of people that are passed on from one generation to the next
• What do critics argue?

  Psychology has generally ignored culture as an important influence on human behaviour and mistakenly assumed findings from Western Culture can be applied universally
• What is a study that demonstrates cultural bias?

  Milgram
• What is cultural bias?

  A tendency to ignore cultural differences and interpret all phenomena through the lens of one's own culture
• What is Afrocentric?

  Emphasizing or promoting on African culture and the contributions of Africans to the development of Western civilisation
• What is Eurocentric?

  Centred on Europeans - reflecting a tendency to interpret the world in terms of European values/experiences
• What is a collectivist culture?

  One that's based on the needs of a group over the individual - works together to create harmony and group cohesion is valued
• What is an individualist culture?

  One that's based on the individual's needs and looks for individual happiness before the group
• What is ethnocentric?

  Evaluating other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture
• What is indigenous?

  Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native
• What does ethnocentrism mean?

  Seeing the world only from one's own cultural perspective and believing its normal and correct
• What is cultural relativism?

  Behaviour can be properly understood only if the cultural context is taken into consideration
• What is an example of a culturally biased test?

  Chitling Intelligence Test
• Why is the Chitling Intelligence Test culturally biased?

  Favours African Americans
• Ethnocentrism is the judging of other cultures by the standards/values of one's own culture
• What is ethnocentrism often?

  An inadvertent lack of awareness that other ways of seeing things can be valid as one's own
• What is an examples of ethnocentrism?

  Definitions of abnormality and Ainsworth's Strange Situation
• Who claimed that in definitions of abnormality, African-Caribbeans in Britain are sometimes diagnosed as 'mentally-ill' based on normal behaviour in their culture?

  Rack
• How did Rack suggest definitions of abnormality is ethnocentric?

  African-Caribbeans in Britain are sometimes diagnosed as 'mentally-ill' based on normal behaviour in their culture
• How is Ainsworth's Strange Situation ethnocentric?

  Reflects only norms and values of American Culture
• According to cultural relativism, the meaning of what is different in every culture?

  Intelligence
• Who drew a distinction between Etic and Emic approaches in the study of human behaviour?


  Berry
• According to Berry, what is an Emic approach?


  Looks at behaviour from outside a culture and attempts to describe those behaviours as universal
• According to Berry, what is an Emic approach?


  Functions from inside a culture and identifies behaviours that are specific to that culture
• According to Berry, what is an imposed etic approach?


  Studies behaviour inside one culture and then assumed findings apply to another culture - assumes what they found is universal
• What is an example of imposed etic research?

  Ainsworth
• How is Ainsworth an example of an imposed etic research?

  Studied behaviour inside America and assumed attachment types could be applied universally