Q2L2 MANTLE (easy version)

• What is the largest layer of Earth by volume?

  The mantle
• What percentage of Earth's volume does the mantle account for?


  About 83%
• Where is the mantle located in relation to the Earth's layers?


  Between the thin crust and the core
• What is the maximum depth of the mantle?


  2,900 km
• What distinguishes the mantle from the crust in terms of composition?


  The mantle is rich in magnesium oxide
• What is the bulk composition of the upper mantle believed to be?

  Peridotite igneous rocks
• What mineral dominates the lower mantle?

  Bridgmanite
• What does the lithosphere comprise?


  The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle
• What is the asthenosphere and where is it located?


  It lies below the lithosphere and has rocks with plasticity
• What is the mesosphere also known as?


  The lower mantle
• What is the composition of the mesosphere?


  It is composed of semi-solid ultrahigh-pressure silicates
• What does mantle convection refer to?


  The transfer of heat from the mantle to the crust through movement
• How does temperature change from the crust to the lower part of the mantle?


  The temperature generally increases
• What is the Gutenberg discontinuity?


  The core-mantle boundary
• What are the three layers of the mantle?

  • Lithosphere
  • Asthenosphere
  • Mesosphere (lower mantle)
• What is the term for the movements and earthquakes produced by the ground?

  Seismic waves
• What are the two classifications of seismic waves?


  Body waves (liquids and solids) and surface waves (solids only)
• What is the boundary between the mantle and the innermost layer of Earth called?

  Gutenberg discontinuity
• What prevents scientists and geologists from studying the deeper layers of Earth?


  The extreme conditions and depth make it difficult to access