DNA Structure

• What does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic acid
• What are the main components of a nucleotide in DNA?

  Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogen-containing base
• What is the only difference between nucleotides within a DNA molecule?

  Their nitrogen-containing bases
• What are the four DNA bases?

  • Adenine
  • Thymine
  • Cytosine
  • Guanine
• Which base pairs with Adenine in DNA?

  Thymine
• Which base pairs with Cytosine in DNA?

  Guanine
• What is Chargaff's Rule related to DNA?

  The amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine
• Who contributed to the discovery of the DNA structure using X-ray diffraction?

  Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
• What is the structure of DNA described as?

  A double helix
• What are the "rungs" of the DNA ladder made of?

  Nitrogenous bases
• What does the arrangement of nitrogenous bases in DNA determine?

  The genetic information of an organism
• What are the key features of the DNA double helix structure?

  • Two strands twisted around each other
  • Sugar-phosphate backbone
  • Nitrogenous bases paired in the center
  • Antiparallel strands
• DNA has to be responssible for 3 things.
• Genes must:

  1). Carry the info from one generation to the next

  2). Put the info to work by making proteins

  3). Make sure they're copied during replication.
• Which bond found in DNA is stronger?

  The covalent bonds are stronger than the hydrogen bonds.
• What is the rule chardoff discovered called?


  The rules of base pairing.
• Base pairing is why the DNA molecules always maintain a uniform width.
• Rosalind Franklin suggested DNA was twisted in nature using X-Ray diffraction in the early 1950's.
• Francis Crick and James Watson built the first model of DNA. They used Franklins pictures (without her consent or knowledge) to help them. They discovered that DNA was a double helix.
• Each strand of DNA runs in an antiparallel direction (This means both are parallel but run in opposite directions).
• DNA is a molecule that contains the genetic information for an oranism.
• DNA which is a nucleic acid which is a type of biomolecule. Biomolecules are made up of monomers. The monomers for DNA are nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of a phosphate group, deoxyribose (sugar) and a nitrogenous base. There are four types of nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.
• What part of the nucleotide is this?

  Nitrogenous base

  
• What part of a nucleotide is this?

  Deoxyribose (sugar)

  
• The bases in a nucleotide code for traits.
• What part of a nucleotide is this?

  Phosphate

  
• If the base pairs are mismatched, it causes a mutation.
• DNA is twisted into a double helix shape.
• Hydrgoen bonds hold together the bases.
• What part of DNA is this?

  Nitrogenous base

  
• What part of DNA is this?

  Nucleotide

  
• What part of DNA is this?

  Hydrogen bonds

  
• What part of DNA is this?

  Adenine and Guanine or Thymine and Cytosine

  
• What part of DNA is this?

  Covalent bonds

  
• What part of DNA is this?

  Deoxyribose (sugar)

  
• What part of DNA is this?

  Phosphate

  
• The percent of Adenine + the percent of Guanine in a nitrogenous base is the total % Purine.
• The percent of Thymine + the percent of Cytosine in a nitrogenous base is the total % Pyrimidine.
• In a sample of DNA the percentage of Adenine is 30%, using this information what is the percentage of Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine?

  Thymine- 30%

  Cytosine- 20%

  Guanine- 20%
• In a sample of DNA the percentage of Guanine is 35%, using this information what is the percentage of Cytosine, Thymine, and Adenine?

  Cytosine- 35%

  Thymine- 15%

  Adenine- 15%