Empire and Naval Power (1714-1837)

• What was the time period of the expansion and consolidation of the British Empire discussed in the study material?

  1714 to 1837
• What were the central factors contributing to British dominance during this period?

  Naval power, global trade, and military conflicts
• What challenges did the British Empire face during the period from 1714 to 1837?


  The Jacobite risings and the loss of the American colonies
• How did Britain's empire transition during this era?

  From its first empire focused on the Americas to its second empire centered in Africa and Asia
• What were the Jacobite Risings and their main objective?


  • Attempts to restore the Catholic Stuart monarchy to the British throne
  • Key events:
  • 1715 Rising led by the Earl of Mar
  • 1745 Rising led by Charles Edward Stuart
• Who led the 1715 Jacobite Rising?


  The Earl of Mar
• What was the outcome of the 1715 Jacobite Rising?


  It was an unsuccessful attempt to place James Francis Edward Stuart on the throne
• Who was the leader of the 1745 Jacobite Rising?


  Charles Edward Stuart
• What was a significant event that marked the end of serious Jacobite efforts?


  The defeat at the Battle of Culloden in 1746
• What were the initial successes of the 1745 Jacobite Rising followed by?


  Defeat at the Battle of Culloden
• What were the key events of the Jacobite Risings?


  • 1715 Rising:
  • Led by the Earl of Mar
  • Unsuccessful attempt to restore James Francis Edward Stuart
  • 1745 Rising:
  • Led by Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie)
  • Initial successes followed by defeat at the Battle of Culloden (1746)
• What did Britain's growing empire depend heavily on to protect trade routes and colonies?

  Naval supremacy
• How did the Royal Navy contribute to Britain's global influence?


  By controlling key maritime routes
• Which European powers did Britain primarily defend against using its naval power?


  France and Spain
• What are the key roles of the Royal Navy in maintaining Britain's empire?


  • Protecting trade routes
  • Controlling key maritime routes
  • Defending against rival European powers
  • Maintaining global influence
• What role did trading companies play in British expansion?


  They acted as private entities with governmental support to establish trading posts and negotiate treaties.
• How did trading companies exercise control over foreign territories?


  They exercised political and military control over foreign territories.
• When was the Muscovy Company established?


  1555
• What was the primary focus of the Muscovy Company?


  Trade with Russia
• What significant role did the East India Company play?


  It played a central role in the colonization of India.
• What areas did the East India Company control?


  Large parts of the Indian subcontinent.
• When was the Hudson’s Bay Company established?


  1670
• What was the main activity of the Hudson’s Bay Company?


  Engaged in the fur trade.
• How did the Hudson’s Bay Company contribute to British influence in North America?


  It laid the groundwork for British control of North America.
• When was the Royal African Company established?


  1672
• What was the primary function of the Royal African Company?


  Organized the transatlantic slave trade.
• What was the impact of the Royal African Company on the Americas?


  It provided human labor for plantations.
• What was the South Sea Company formed to manage?


  Public debt and trade in South America.
• What led to the South Sea Bubble of 1720?


  Speculative investment in the South Sea Company.
• What were the consequences of the South Sea Bubble?


  It caused financial panic and collapse.
• Who was the first British monarch to benefit from the slave trade?

  Queen Anne
• How did British monarchs benefit from the slave trade?


  Through investments and shares in trading companies like the Royal African Company
• What role did Parliament play in the slave trade during the time of the Royal African Company?


  • Passed laws to promote and protect the slave trade
  • Reinforced Britain's economic dependence on plantation slavery
  • This dependence lasted until the abolition of the slave trade in 1807
• When was the slave trade abolished in Britain?


  1807
• What was the economic impact of the slave trade on Britain?


  It created a dependence on plantation slavery in the Americas and the Caribbean
• What was the significance of the Royal African Company in the context of the slave trade?


  It was a key trading company that facilitated the slave trade for British monarchs
• How many wars or rebellions was the British Empire involved in between 1700 and 1850?


  137
• What was the primary reason for the numerous wars and rebellions involving the British Empire during 1700–1850?


  To expand its territorial holdings and deal with rebellions in colonies and protectorates
• What was the duration of the Seven Years' War?


  1756–1763
• What was the outcome of the Seven Years' War for Britain?


  Britain emerged as the dominant colonial power