Hawk Tudor

• What was one of the background causes of the Wars of the Roses related to Henry VI's actions?

  Abuse of patronage
• How did squabbling nobles affect the power of the crown during the Wars of the Roses?

  It undermined the power of the crown and made England ungovernable in certain areas.
• What was the basis of England's wealth during Henry VI's reign?

  The cloth trade
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Castillon in 1453?

  England's land in France was reduced to just Calais.
• What dynastic ambition arose after Henry VI stole the throne?

  The Yorkists claimed links to the throne.
• How did the Hundred Years' War contribute to the instability in England?

  It left many unemployed soldiers who could engage in military action at home.
• What is bastard feudalism?

  Land was exchanged for money instead of military service.
• In what year did Richard, Duke of York, lead a successful rebellion against Henry VI?

  1455
• Who was Richard Neville and what role did he play in the Wars of the Roses?

  He was known as the Kingmaker and fought on the Yorkists' side at the first Battle of St Albans.
• What significant event occurred in 1461 regarding Edward, Duke of York?

  He seized the throne and won a decisive victory at the Battle of Towton.
• What happened to Henry VI after Edward IV's victory at Towton?

  He was imprisoned by Edward IV.
• What was the outcome of Richard Neville's actions in 1469?

  He briefly imprisoned Edward IV and made Henry VI king again.
• What happened at the Battle of Barnet in 1471?

  Richard Neville was killed, and Edward IV returned to power.
• What was the significance of the Battle of Tewkesbury in 1471?

  It destroyed the Lancastrians and solidified Edward IV's rule.
• How did Edward IV's second reign differ from his first?

  It was much more successful and aimed at achieving peace.
• What happened in 1483 after Edward IV's death?

  His 12-year-old son Edward V became king, and Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was appointed lord protector.
• What actions did Richard, Duke of Gloucester, take to seize the throne?

  He proclaimed himself King Richard III and kidnapped Edward IV's children.
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Bosworth in 1485?

  Henry Tudor won and became king.
• How did Henry Tudor build support before the Battle of Bosworth?

  He landed in Wales to build support and attracted discontented nobles.
• What was a key factor in Henry Tudor's victory at the Battle of Bosworth?

  He received unexpected support from Stanley's troops.
• How did Vergil portray Richard III in his accounts of the Battle of Bosworth?

  He depicted Richard as stupid and weak, despite having a strong army.
• What impression did Vergil have of Henry VII after the battle?

  He had a fond impression, highlighting Henry's success and gratitude towards his army.
• What was a significant problem for Henry VII regarding his support base?

  His support was fragile and mainly built on nobles who disliked Richard III.
• Why was Henry VII's position as monarch considered insecure?

  Frequent wars and changing monarchs made the monarchy look weak.
• What lesson did Henry VII learn from his rise to power?

  He needed to perform well to maintain the loyalty of nobles who supported him.
• What was the importance of having a strong personality as a monarch, according to the study material?

  A strong personality helps win public support and secure the throne.
• Why is a strong link to the throne important for a monarch?

  A weak claim encourages others to seize the throne.
• How did Henry VII strengthen his claim to the throne?

  He married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV, and claimed divine right.
• What was the significance of Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth?

  It strengthened his claim to the throne and created legitimacy for their children.
• What was the Act of Attainder and its purpose for Henry VII?

  It allowed him to penalize anyone convicted of treason, protecting himself.
• How did Henry VII respond to the threat of Yorkist rivals?

  He strengthened his own claim and sought to eliminate potential claimants.
• What was Henry VII's main goal during his reign?

  To keep the throne stable and make it hard to be challenged.
• How did Henry VII respond to early rebellions against his rule?

  He sent armed troops to force a surrender or kill the rebels.
• What was the significance of Lord Lovell's rebellion?

  It demonstrated the ongoing threat to Henry VII's rule from Richard's supporters.
• Why did Henry VII view any threat as significant?

  He was aware that he could be overthrown just as he had overthrown Richard III.
• What was the origin of the plot that worried Henry VII?

  It originated in Oxford, a Yorkist area near London.
• How did Henry VII's actions after the Battle of Bosworth help him gain public support?

  He went on a tour around the UK to connect with the public.
• What was the significance of Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth in terms of his claim to the throne?

  It strengthened his link to the throne as she was an heiress.
• How did Henry VII deal with weak noble support during his reign?

  He absorbed land himself and limited the creation of new nobles.
• What were attainders used for during Henry VII's reign?

  To seize the titles and possessions of nobles he could not trust.