It is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, describing, and interpreting data.
Statistics
The 2 types of statistics:
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
collection, organization, presentation, and description of sample data
Descriptive Statistics
making decisions and drawing conclusions about populations
Inferential Statistics
(?) A teacher computes the average grade of her students and then determines the top ten students.
Descriptive
(?) A manager or a business firm predicts future sales of the company based on present sales.
Inferential
(?) A psychologist investigates if there is a significant relationship between mental age and chronological age.
Inferential
(?) A researcher studies the effectiveness of a new fertilizer to increasing food production.
Inferential
(?) A janitor counts the number of various pieces of furniture inside the school.
Descriptive
(?) A sports journalist determines the most popular basketball player for this year.
Inferential
(?) A school administrator forecasts the future expansion of the school.
Inferential
(?) A market vendor investigated the most popular brand of vinegar.
Inferential
(?) An engineer calculates the average height of the building along Taft Avenue.
Descriptive
(?) A dermatologist tests the relative effectiveness of a new brand of medicine in curing pimples and other skin diseases.
Inferential
It refers to the totality of individuals or observations from people, objects, or events which have common observable characteristics that fall within the scope of investigation or from which information is desired to be studied by a researcher.
Population
A subset of the population.
Sample
(?) Total number of Grade 11 WCC students SY 2022-2023: 210 students.
Population
(?) Grade 11 Lily: 34 students.
Sample
It refers to any numerical value or measurement describing a characteristic of a population.
Parameter
It refers to any numerical value or measurement describing a sample.
Statistic
(?) The researcher uses the whole population of Grade 11 WCC students to get the average allowance.
Parameter
(?) The researcher used the sample of Grade 11 Lily to get the allowance for Grade 11 WCC students.
Statistic
It is a process of systematic assigning of value to a variable for the purpose of coming new information about the objects being measured.
Measurement
It refers to any raw materials which are facts gathered about the sample or population under study.
Data
They are records that do not vary, and they only maintain a single value.
Constant
They are characteristics or properties of a population or sample which can be measured or classified that make the members of the group vary or differ from one another.
Variables
(?) Age, height, and weight are examples of...
Variables
The 2 types of variables:
Qualitative and Quantitative Variables
These variables are those that cannot be assigned numerical values but are placed into distinct categories determined by some attributes or characteristics.
Qualitative (Categorical)
These are variables that can take up numerical values, hence can be ranked or ordered.
Quantitative
The 2 variables under Quantitative:
Discrete and Continuous Variables
These variables assume values that can be counted.
Discrete
These variables can assume an infinite number of values between any two specific boundary values.
Continuous
Discrete counts whole numbers. Continuous is a measurement.
This classifies into mutually exclusive (non-overlapping), exhausting categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on the data.
Nominal Level
This classifies data into categories that can be ranked or ordered, but precise differences do not exist between these categories.