🌎 Geography: Industry 🏭

• What are the 4 types of industry?


  primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
• What is primary industry?


  -Industries that take raw materials from the natural environment, eg. Farming, mining, etc.
• What is secondary industry?


  manufacturing, eg. Food processing
• What is tertiary industry?


  providing goods and services, eg. A waiter, technician
• What is quaternary industry?


  research and development, e.g scientists
• How is economic and social development measured?

  Social and economic indicators, e.g. GNI, life expectancy, etc.
• What are the physical factors that can influence development?


  - climate

  - landscape

  -coastline
• How does climate influence development?


  - a temperate climate are ideal for growing and selling crops creating economic benefit

  
  

  - a warm climate can bring in tourism, another economic opportunity for a country

  
  

  - a dry climate can cause droughts, a social and environmental threat

  
  

  - a wet climate can cause flooding, leading to negative socioeconomic and environmental impacts
• How do coastlines influence development?


  Coastlines and rivers allow a country to trade through the export and import of goods, helping it to make money
• How does landscape influence development?


  - being close to a body of water provides trading opportunities

  
  

  - fertile soil means ideal conditions for crops of which can be grown and sold

  
  

  - forests provide timber and other resources providing further economic benefits
• What are the 3 human factors that affect development?

  - colonialism

  - war and conflict

  - trade and industry
• How does colonialism affect development?


  The country is now struggling with industrial matters as it has been stripped of its natural/raw resources
• How does war and conflict influence development?


  All the money the country is generating goes back towards into funding weapons and the war/conflict leaving less money for development projects for the country further development
• How does trade and industry contribute to development?


  - creates jobs available providing more taxable money which the country can use for development

  
  

  - generates money through imports and exports
• What are some ways industrial change can support economic development in LICS?


  - tourism

  -mining
• How can tourism help develop a country?

  - tertiary industry jobs become available

  - hotel chains and etc. make lots of money via tourists booking them
• How does tourism negative affect a country?


  - native tribes and locals are at risk of being forced to relocate to make space for new leisure activities and hotel buildings

  
  

  - there is high in demand by tourists for more snorkelling/water related activities along the coast posing environmental threat
• How can mining help develop a country?


  - a lot of the natural resources that would have to be mined are high in value and can be sold for a lot creating a lot of revenue for the country which can go towards development

  
  

  - some mining companies also may build some local schools or hospitals for the use of the local community allowing a more accessible education and healthcare for the surrounding communities
• What are the cons of mining of which can negatively impact a country?


  - noise pollution causing disruption amongst local community

  
  

  - deforestation to make space for areas of mining, this can lead to loss of biodiversity as well

  
  

  - a lot of child labour tends to go on the scenes of mining which poses lots of health risks - mining in general is very risky for everyone

  
  

  - many foreign companies exploit workers for money and low wages for the amount of work they actually do.
• What is an example of a country using tourism for economical development?


  Tanzania ( case study )
• What is an example of a country using mining for economical development?


  Botswana ( diamond mining case study )
• What are some initiatives Botswana has implemented to have this positive mining environment and limit the cons as much as possible?


  Diamonds are sourced ethically with multiple safety measures in place for workers and locals, fair wages, child labour made illegal, and sustainable practices put in place, as well as noise pollution consideration.