2.3 Optimizing Production

• Raw materials: materials converted by chemical reactions into useful products, the first step going in of the flow chart
• Waste Products: Materials that are not the main product of the process and have no commercial value, seen as coming out of the flow chart
• By-products: Materials produced that are not the main product of the process but have commercial value or can be used within the plant, seen as coming out and re-entering at another point in to the process
• High pressure is not only expensive to maintain but also dangerous

  Temperature uses high energy costs