Human Bio - Unit 1

• What is the first part of the Cell Theory?

  All living things are made up of cells
• What does the second part of the Cell Theory state?

  All cells come from preexisting cells
• What is the third part of the Cell Theory?

  All cells are produced from other cells
• What are organelles and their function in cells?

  • Organelles are structures suspended in cytoplasm.
  • They carry out specific functions within the cell.
• What is the location of the cell membrane?

  It surrounds the cell
• What is the description of the cell membrane?

  It is a phospholipid bilayer
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  It controls which substances enter and leave the cell
• Where is the cytoplasm located?

  Inside the cell
• What does the cytoplasm contain?

  It contains dissolved ions, salts, and carbohydrates
• What is the function of the cytoplasm?

  It suspends cell organelles and is where some chemical reactions take place
• What is the cytosol?

  It is the liquid part of the cytoplasm
• What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

  It gives the cell shape and assists in the movement of materials and organelles
• Where is the nucleus located?

  Inside the cell
• What does the nucleus contain?

  It contains the genetic material/DNA
• What is the function of the nucleus?

  It contains DNA which codes for protein production in the cell
• What is the nucleolus?

  It is suspended in nucleoplasm and contains RNA
• What is the nuclear membrane's function?

  It separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and contains pores for molecule movement
• Where are mitochondria located?

  Inside the cell
• What is the description of mitochondria?

  They have folded membranes to increase surface area
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell
• Where is the endoplasmic reticulum located?

  Inside the cell
• What is the description of the endoplasmic reticulum?

  It consists of a series of flattened, sac-like membranes that extend throughout the cytoplasm
• What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

  It transports proteins around the cell and is involved in lipid manufacturing
• What distinguishes rough ER from smooth ER?

  Rough ER is lined with ribosomes, while smooth ER has no ribosomes
• Where are ribosomes located?

  On the lining of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free in the cytoplasm
• What is the description of ribosomes?

  They are small organelles
• What is the function of ribosomes?

  They construct proteins from amino acids
• Where is the Golgi body located?

  Near the nucleus and surrounded by vesicles
• What is the description of the Golgi body?

  It consists of parallel, smooth membranes
• What is the function of the Golgi body?

  It packages lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates into vesicles for export from the cell
• Where are vesicles located?

  Inside the cell
• What is the description of vesicles?

  They are membrane-bound organelles
• What is the function of vesicles?

  They store materials for secretion from the cell
• Where are lysozymes located?

  Inside the cell
• What is the description of lysozymes?

  They are membrane-bound vesicles
• What is the function of lysozymes?

  They contain digestive enzymes to break down foreign material in the cell
• Where are centrioles located?

  Inside the cell
• What is the description of centrioles?

  They are tube-like structures at 90 degrees to one another
• What is the function of centrioles?

  They produce spindle-like fibers which assist in the separation of chromosomes during cell division
• Where are microtubules located?

  Inside the cell