Respiration

• Why is energy important in biology?

  It is needed for movement, keeping warm, and chemical reactions
• What is the process that supplies energy in living cells?

  Cellular respiration
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  It is an exothermic reaction
• What are the two types of respiration mentioned?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• What happens during aerobic respiration?

  Glucose reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
• Why does aerobic respiration release a great deal of energy?

  Because the glucose molecule has been fully oxidized
• What are the chemical symbols for glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water?

  Glucose: C₆H₁₂O₆, Oxygen: O₂, Carbon Dioxide: CO₂, Water: H₂O
• What happens when there is not enough oxygen for cells?

  Cells carry out anaerobic respiration
• What do muscle cells do under conditions of limited oxygen?

  They respire anaerobically
• What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?

  Glucose → Lactic Acid
• How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration in terms of energy release?

  Anaerobic respiration releases much less energy than aerobic respiration
• Why is the oxidation of glucose incomplete in anaerobic respiration?

  Because it does not use oxygen
• In which cells can anaerobic respiration take place?

  In muscle cells, plant cells, and yeast cells
• What is the reaction for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells?

  Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
• What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells commonly referred to as?

  Fermentation
• How is fermentation useful in making alcoholic drinks?

  It produces ethanol
• How does fermentation benefit bread making?

  It produces carbon dioxide, which creates bubbles in the dough
• What are the key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; anaerobic does not.
  • Aerobic produces carbon dioxide and water; anaerobic produces lactic acid (in muscles) or ethanol and carbon dioxide (in yeast).
  • Aerobic releases a lot of energy; anaerobic releases much less energy.
• What are the products of aerobic respiration?

  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Water
  • Energy
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscles?

  • Lactic Acid
  • Energy
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

  • Ethanol
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Energy