Viruses

• What is the structure that surrounds a virus particle?

  Capsid
• What is the function of the lipid envelope in viruses?

  It helps the virus enter host cells.
• How does the size of a virus particle compare to a bacterium cell?

  A virus particle is much smaller than a bacterium cell.
• Why can't viruses replicate independently?

  They require a host cell to replicate.
• What are the proteins that make up the capsid called?

  Capsomere proteins
• What are the main steps of the lytic cycle of viral replication?

  1. Attaches to host cell
  2. Gains entry to host cell
  3. Uses host cell's resources to produce copies of itself
  4. Virus makes host cell undergo lysis, causing release of virus
• What is the difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle?

  • Lytic cycle:
  • Faster reproduction rate
  • Kills the host cell
  • Lysogenic cycle:
  • Slower reproduction rate
  • Multiplying copies of the viral genome inside the host cell
• What happens during lysis in viral replication?

  The host cell ejects the virus, causing it to split open.
• What is a common outcome after a viral infection?

  Death of the host cell
• What is the role of host enzymes in the lysogenic cycle?

  They help in forming the viral genome from host materials.
• How do lysogenic cells behave over time?

  They can multiply for long periods without being noticed.
• What is contained in the genetic material of a virus?

  Codes to make new virus particles.
• How do host cell genes interact with viral genes during replication?

  Host cell genes carry out viral genes’ functions to replicate without hindering new gene copies.
• What is the purpose of virus drug treatments?

  To target the virus and its genetic material within the host cell.
• What happens to viruses during the lytic cycle?

  They are assembled and released without replication.
• What are the two cycles of viral replication mentioned in the material?

  • Lytic cycle
  • Lysogenic cycle
• What is the initial step for a virus to infect a host cell?

  They attach to the host cell.
• What do viruses use from the host cell to make copies of themselves?

  They use the host cell's enzymes and resources.
• What is the final step in the lytic cycle?

  The virus leaves the host cell to infect other cells.
• What is the term for the process of a host cell splitting open to release viruses?

  Lysis
• How do viruses ensure they can infect new host cells after leaving the current one?

  They attach to the beginning of a new host cell.
• What are the key components of a virus structure?

  • Capsid
  • Lipid envelope
  • Capsomere proteins
  • Nucleocapsid