What's a chromosome?

• Where are genes located?


  On the chromosome and the cell's nucleus
• Chromosomes are....


  Long, tightly coiled threads of DNA
• Each organism must inherit a single copy of every gene from both of its parents.
• What happens when an organism produces its own gametes?


  The 2 sets of genes must be separated from each other so that each gamete consists of only one set of genes.
• A gene is...


  A section of DNA in a specific region in a specific chromosome.
• What do genes code for?


  Specific proteins to be produced
• What do the proteins that genes provide the code to produce do?


  They give living things special characteristics.
• What are the two forms of genes?


  Dominant and recesive
• Each chromosome consists of hundreds of genes determining the many proteins for an individual oganism.
• In humans, there are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) with about 100,000 genes.
• What's a genome?


  It's the full set of genetic information that an organism carries in it's DNA. The analysis of any genome starts with chromosomes.
• Autosomes are homologous.
• Homologous genes are:


  Pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes on them but express them in different ways.