Evalutions

• What is the main focus of the behaviourist approach in psychology?

  It evaluates human behavior through observable actions.
• What are the two main types of conditioning discussed in the behaviourist approach?

  Classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
• What headings are used to evaluate the behaviourist approach?

  • Research methods
  • Supporting evidence
  • Application
  • Debates
• Why are the research methods of the behaviourist approach considered scientific?

  They focus on objective behavior in controlled laboratory settings.
• Who conducted research using the Skinner box?

  1. F. Skinner.
• What did Skinner's research demonstrate about behavior?

  It established cause and effect between consequences and future behavior.
• What is a major criticism of the behaviourist approach regarding its research subjects?

  It is based on animal behavior, which may not generalize to humans.
• How does human behavior differ from animal behavior according to critics of the behaviourist approach?

  Human behavior is more complex, involving consciousness and social factors.
• What was the focus of Watson and Rayner's study in 1920?

  Classical conditioning in a young baby called Little Albert.
• What was the outcome of Little Albert's exposure to the white rat?

  He learned to associate the rat with fear due to the loud noise.
• What is systematic desensitization in the context of treating phobias?

  • Gradual exposure to feared object
  • Engaging in a relaxing activity simultaneously
  • Associating fear with a pleasant stimulus
• How is operant conditioning applied in real-world settings like prisons and schools?

  Through token economies that reward desired behaviors.
• What is a token economy?

  A system where individuals earn tokens for good behavior that can be exchanged for rewards.
• What effect do token economies have on behavior?

  They encourage positive behaviors and improve overall behavior.
• What is a criticism of the behaviourist approach regarding free will?

  It is considered environmentally deterministic, suggesting no free will in behavior.
• How does B.F. Skinner view free will?

  He argued that free will is an illusion shaped by past reinforcements.
• How does the humanistic approach differ from the behaviourist approach regarding behavior?

  The humanistic approach emphasizes free will and personal responsibility.
• What are the strengths and limitations of the behaviourist approach?

  Strengths:

  • Scientific research methods
  • Real-world applications (e.g., phobia treatment, token economies)

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Based on animal studies
  • Environmentally deterministic
  • Ignores mental processes
• What should be considered when structuring an essay about the behaviourist approach?

  Incorporate evaluation points, supporting evidence, counterarguments, and debates.
• Where can more information about other approaches in psychology be found?

  In the linked playlist in the description.