Biology

• What holds the nucleus together in a cell?

  Nuclear membrane
• What provides a surface for protein synthesis and modification?

  Endoplasmic reticulum
• What is a single unit of coded instructions for the cell called?

  Gene
• What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

  Digestion and recycling center
• What are the machine-like structures that build proteins called?

  Ribosomes
• What structures are involved in animal cell division?

  Centrioles
• What are hollow cylinders that shape animal cells and act as highways for transport within the cell?

  Microtubules
• What shapes and supports a plant cell?

  Cell wall
• What packages and exports cell products?

  Golgi body
• Where is food for plant cells made?

  Chloroplasts
• What is the dense area within the nucleus where ribosomes are made?

  Nucleolus
• What controls entry into and out of the cell?

  Cell membrane
• What protects the cell’s chromosomes (DNA)?

  Chromosomes
• What is the jelly-like substance where many chemical reactions take place?

  Cytoplasm
• What allows coded instructions to pass through the nuclear membrane?

  Nuclear pores
• What is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell?

  Mitochondrion
• What stores water and dissolved minerals in a cell?

  Vacuole
• What are the five differences between plant cells and animal cells?

  • Plant cells have cell walls.
  • Plant cells have chloroplasts.
  • Plant cells have one central vacuole.
  • Animal cells have centrioles.
  • Plant cells are generally larger.

  
• What is the function of the Golgi body in a cell?

  Packages and exports cell products
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Food for plant cells is made here
• What is the function of the nucleolus?

  Dense area within the nucleus where ribosomes are made
• What is the jelly-like substance in a cell called?

  Cytoplasm
• What are tiny membrane holes that allow coded instructions to pass through?

  Nuclear pores
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?

  Powerhouse of the cell
• What do vacuoles store in a cell?

  Water and dissolved minerals
• What is the vocabulary term for the structure that surrounds and protects the cell?

  Cell membrane
• What is the function of the centriole in an animal cell?

  It helps to organize the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
• What are the main organelles found in an animal cell and their functions?

  • Cytoplasm: Everything between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane.
  • Lysosome: Sac filled with digestive chemicals.
  • Mitochondria: Structures that convert nutrients to energy.
  • Centriole: Organizes motion of chromosomes.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum: Passageways where chemicals are made.
  • Vacuole: Sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste products.
  • Cell membrane: Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell.
  • Nucleus: Structure that contains DNA and regulates genes.
  • Cytoskeleton: Tubules and filaments that give the cell its shape.
  • Ribosome: Small structure that synthesizes proteins.
  • Nuclear membrane: Membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus.
  • Golgi apparatus: Stack of membranes that packages chemicals.
  • Vesicle: Package created by the Golgi apparatus.
  • Nucleolus: Structure that manufactures ribosomes.
• What kind of molecules can diffuse directly through the cell membrane?

  Small molecules and uncharged ions.
• How do large molecules and charged ions get through the cell membrane?

  They use protein channels.
• How is the nuclear membrane similar to the cell membrane?

  Both regulate what goes in and out of their respective areas.
• What happens inside the mitochondrion?

  Glucose is broken down into smaller molecules to produce energy and carbon dioxide.
• How does the cell make proteins inside the ribosome?

  Ribosomes use the code in mRNA as a template to assemble proteins with the help of tRNAs.
• How do vesicles move through the cell?

  They attach to a motor protein called kinesin, which moves along the cytoskeleton.
• What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

  • Present in animal cells but not in plant cells:
  • Centrioles
  • Lysosomes (though vacuoles perform a similar function)
  • Present in plant cells but not in animal cells:
  • Cell wall
  • Chloroplasts
  • Plastids
• What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Chloroplasts convert sunlight to chemical energy.
• What structures are present in a bacterial cell but not in plant or animal cells?

  Capsule, nucleoid, plasmid, flagellum, and pilus.
• What structures are present in plant and animal cells but not in a bacterial cell?

  Centriole, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, mitochondria, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, vacuole, vesicle, chloroplast, and plastid.
• What structures inside plant and animal cells resemble bacteria?

  Mitochondrion and chloroplasts.
• Why are mitochondria and chloroplasts thought to have originated as bacteria?

  They have their own DNA and may have been engulfed by larger cells.