Social Influence

• What is the definition of "influence" in interpersonal communication?

  Influence is when an individual or group alters another person's thinking, feelings, and/or behaviors through communication.
• What are the three types of communication involved in influence?

  The three types are accidental, expressive, and rhetorical communication.
• How might accidental communication influence someone's decision?

  A person's presence at a charity table can influence another to donate without direct communication.
• What is expressive communication and how does it influence others?

  Expressive communication involves emotional states that can influence others' feelings and behaviors.
• How does rhetorical communication differ from accidental and expressive communication?

  Rhetorical communication is purposeful and aims to alter another person's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.
• Who proposed the three basic levels of influence?

  Herbert Kelman proposed the three basic levels of influence.
• What are the three levels of influence according to Kelman?

  The three levels are compliance, identification, and internalization.
• What does compliance imply in the context of influence?

  Compliance implies that an individual accepts influence but the change is temporary and superficial.
• How does identification differ from compliance in terms of influence?

  Identification occurs when an individual accepts influence to maintain a satisfying relationship, while compliance is more superficial.
• What is internalization in the context of influence?

  Internalization occurs when an individual adopts influence because it aligns with their values or fulfills a need.
• What is the definition of power in social science?

  Power is the degree to which a social agent can get another person to alter their thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors.
• Who identified the five bases of power?

  John French and Bertram Raven identified the five bases of power.
• What are the five bases of power identified by French and Raven?

  The five bases are coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, and referent power.
• What is informational power according to Raven's subsequent research?

  Informational power is the ability to influence others through the possession of valuable information.
• What are the key takeaways regarding influence and power in interpersonal communication?

  • Influence alters thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
  • Three types of communication: accidental, expressive, rhetorical.
  • Three levels of influence: compliance, identification, internalization.
  • Power is the ability to influence others.
  • Five bases of power: coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, referent.
• What are the differences between compliance, identification, and internalization in influence?

  • Compliance: Temporary change based on perceived benefits.
  • Identification: Change based on relationship satisfaction.
  • Internalization: Lasting change aligned with personal values.
• What are the three types of communication discussed in relation to power?

  Accidental, expressive, and rhetorical
• Why is rhetorical communication significant when dealing with power?

  Because it is consciously goal-directed
• Who identified the five bases of power in 1959?

  John French and Bertram Raven
• What are the five unique bases of power identified by French and Raven?

  Coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, and referent
• What was the sixth base of power that Raven argued for?

  Informational power
• How does informational power influence individuals?

  It brings about change in thought, feeling, and/or behavior through information
• How have teachers exercised informational power over students?

  By providing knowledge on various subjects
• What happens to the influence of coercive and reward power when the punishment or reward is removed?

  Thoughts, feelings, and/or behavior will revert back to their initial state
• What is legitimate power based on?

  Belief that the social agent has a valid right to influence
• What are the two common forms of legitimate power identified by French and Raven?

  Cultural and structural legitimate power
• How does cultural legitimate power manifest in some societies?

  When the elderly have a stronger right to influence than younger members
• What is expert power?

  Power given to an individual due to their perceived knowledge
• What is a significant issue with the concept of "expert" in the 21st century?

  Many perceived experts lack actual knowledge or skills
• What is the Dunning–Kruger effect?

  The tendency of some people to inflate their expertise despite lacking knowledge
• What is imposter syndrome?

  When individuals devalue their knowledge and fear being exposed as a fraud
• What is referent power based on?

  The desire for a relationship with the influencer
• How does referent power influence behavior?

  Individuals adopt behaviors to be associated with the influencer
• What are the three levels of influence identified by Herbert Kelman?

  Compliance, identification, and internalization
• How do coercive, reward, and legitimate power influence individuals?

  They only influence at the compliance level
• What types of power are best for long-term influence?

  Informational, expert, and referent power
• What are the six bases of power according to French and Raven?

  • Informational power
  • Coercive power
  • Reward power
  • Legitimate power
  • Expert power
  • Referent power
• How do older and younger siblings use power in their relationships?

  • Older siblings often use coercive power to get what they want.
  • Younger siblings are more likely to appeal to a third party for influence.
  • Younger siblings may use legitimate power to achieve compromise.
• What are the key takeaways regarding influence and power?

  • Three levels of influence: compliance, identification, internalization.
  • Six bases of power: informational, coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, referent.
• COMPLIANCE-the most superficial level of conformity.Because identifying with the majority is desirable,they change their views/actions to fit in with the reference group.This doesn’t result in a change in the person’s underlying attitude,only in the views and behaviours they express in public.