3.1.2 carbohydrates

• monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger carbs are made. eg glucose galactose and fructose
• condensation between two monosaccherides makes a glycosidic bond its also makes a disaccharide
• the general formula for all monosaccharides is: (CH2O)n where is a number between 3 and 7
• in glucose molecules there are the same no. carbon and oxygen atoms, hydrogen and oxygen atoms are in the same ratio as water, they make white crystaline solids and dissolve in water
• isomes: compounds with the same formula but different arrangment of atoms in the molecule and different properties
• glucose has two isomers: alpha and beta
• maltose is a disacchharide made by condensating two glucose molecules
• sucrose is a disacch made by condensating a glucose and fructose molecule
• Glucose has 11 isomers.
• lactose is a disacch made by condensating a glucose and galactose molecule
• polysaccharides are made by a condensation reaction between many glucose units : eg glycogen and starch are made by a alpha glucose, cellulose is made by beta glucose