Mitochondria

• Mitochondria Diagram

  A) 70s ribosomes

  B) Cristae

  C) Mitochondrial DNA

  D) Intermembrane Space

  E) Matrix

  F) link reaction

  G) Krebs cycle

  H) NAD

  I) FAD

  J) Stalked Particles (ATP Synthase)

  K) ATP

  L) Outer Membrane

  M) partially permeable

  N) active

  O) pyruvate

  P) Inner Membrane

  Q) lipid

  R) impermeable

  S) small ions

  T) H^+

  U) Cristae

  V) Surface Area

  W) enzyme

  X) oxireductase enzyme

  Y) co-factors

  Z) proton

  [) co-enzymes

  \) matrix

  ]) intermembrane

  
• Mitochondria

  • High metabolic active cells + more mitochondria; up to 20% cell vol
  • Longer + more densely packed cristae to hold more ETC + ATP synthase
  • Many reactions, involve substrate oxidation by electron or hydrogen removal
  • e-/H+ passed to electron carrier molecules
  • FAD (Flavine adenine dinucleotide), NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) + O_2
  • Electron carriers
  • NAD: Dinucleotide w/ pentose sugar, ribose, adenine + nicotinamide
  • Ring structure + accepts 2H atoms
  • NAD + 2H+ + 2e- → NADH + H+
  • Reversible reaction catalysed dehydrogenase (oxidoreductase enzyme)
  • FAD: Dinucleotide 2/ pentose sugar, ribose, adenine + flavine - FAD + 2H+ + 2e- → FADH_2
  • Reversible reaction catalysed dehydrogenase enzyme
  • Both NAD + FAD coenzymes
  • Non-protein compounds necessary for enzymes
  • O_2: Final electron acceptor in ETC; reduced to water, O_2 + 4H+ + 4e- → 2H_2O