Computer Misuse Act 1990

• Definition of unauthorized access


  Accessing a computer system or data without proper authority
• Penalty for simple computer misuse offence

  Up to 6 months' imprisonment or a fine, or both
• Penalty for serious computer misuse offence


  Up to 3 years' imprisonment or a fine, or both
• Unauthorized Modification of Data


  Modification of data without proper authorization or permission, potentially causing data integrity issues, security breaches, or legal consequences
• Consequences of Unauthorized Data Modification


  Data integrity issues, security breaches, legal consequences, financial losses, loss of competitive advantage, regulatory actions
• Data Modification Scenarios


  Deleting or altering critical data, insider threats, phishing, data breach, malicious code attacks, human error, system malfunction
• Preventing Unauthorized Data Modification


  Access control, data encryption, auditing and logging, regular backups, employee screening, security awareness training, system updates and patches, network segmentation, incident response plan, data loss prevention tools
• Equipment for Computer Misuse Offences


  Manufacturing, supplying, or obtaining articles intended for use in computer misuse offenses, adapting or distributing articles, possessing articles with the intention of using them to commit a computer misuse offense
• Penalties for Computer Misuse Offences


  Fine and imprisonment, hacking, unauthorized access, computer fraud, order to destroy equipment, order to prevent unauthorized access