final

• What was the time period of James Buchanan's presidency?


  1857-1861
• How did the Democrats portray the new Republican party during Buchanan's presidency?

  As sectionalist and detrimental to the Union
• What policy did Buchanan support regarding the slave issue?

  Popular sovereignty
• Who did Abraham Lincoln run against for a Senate seat in Illinois in 1858?

  Stephen Douglas
• What was the significance of the Lincoln-Douglas debates?

  They gained national attention
• Who won the Senate seat in the Lincoln-Douglas debates?

  Stephen Douglas
• What was the outcome of the Election of 1860?

  Lincoln won, leading to succession in the South
• What did Buchanan do during the "lame duck" period?

  He did nothing to stop succession
• What was the main message of Lincoln's First Inaugural Address?

  He urged for unity and warned against aggression
• What did the Fugitive Slave Act require?

  Slaves to be returned to their owners, even in free states
• What impact did "Uncle Tom's Cabin" have on public perception of slavery?

  It brought to light the cruelties of slavery
• What was the main conflict during Bleeding Kansas?

  Violence over the state's slave or non-slave vote
• What was the outcome of the Dred Scott case in 1857?

  Scott lost because slave rights are not recognized under the constitution
• What was John Brown's objective during his raid at Harpers Ferry?

  To lead a slave revolt
• What happened to John Brown after his raid?

  He was captured and hanged for treason
• What did most people think about the Civil War at its onset?

  It would be a short war
• What was the capital of the Confederate States of America?

  Richmond
• Who was the president of the Confederate States of America?

  Jefferson Davis
• How did the Confederate Constitution differ from the US Constitution?

  It had stronger states' rights and explicit protection of slavery
• What challenges did the Union face during the Civil War?

  Struggles with leadership and early battle losses
• What struggles did the Confederate States of America face?

  States unwilling to share resources and lack of industrial capacity
• What strategy did Grant eventually employ during the war?

  Total war and war of attrition
• What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863?

  To shift the northern aim of the war solely around slavery
• What did the Emancipation Proclamation accomplish?

  It only freed slaves in rebelling states
• How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the CSA's hopes for foreign recognition?

  It ended any hopes for official foreign recognition
• When did Lee surrender to Grant?

  April 9, 1865
• When was Lincoln assassinated?

  April 15, 1865
• When did President Johnston announce the official end to hostilities?

  August of 1866
• What were the key events leading to the Civil War?

  • Fugitive Slave Act (1850)
  • Publication of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1852)
  • Bleeding Kansas (1855-1859)
  • Dred Scott case (1857)
  • John Brown's raid (1859)
• What were the main challenges faced by the Union and the Confederate States during the Civil War?

  Union Challenges:

  • Lack of leadership
  • Early battle losses
  • Political opposition

  
  

  Confederate Challenges:

  • States unwilling to share resources
  • Lack of industrial capacity
  • Population issues exacerbated by the northern blockade
• What were the outcomes of the Civil War?

  • Surrender of Lee to Grant (April 9, 1865)
  • Assassination of Lincoln (April 15, 1865)
  • Official end to hostilities announced by Johnston (August 1866)
• What is sharecropping?

  Sharecropping is renting land where a farmer works for a share of the crop.
• Why did sharecroppers have no income until harvest time?

  Because they worked on rented land and received payment only after the harvest.
• What system did sharecroppers use to purchase supplies?

  They used the crop lien system to purchase supplies on credit.
• Who primarily found themselves in the position of sharecropping after the Civil War?

  Most former slaves who stayed in the South found themselves as sharecroppers.
• What was happening to industrial growth in the South post-war?

  The South was starting to see new factories and general industrial growth.
• How did the wages of southern workers compare to their northern counterparts?

  Many southern workers suffered in poverty, earning wages that were 40% lower than those in the North.
• What were some barriers to black voting in the post-war South?

  Barriers included poll taxes, literacy tests, and violence and intimidation.
• What did Jim Crow laws enforce?

  Jim Crow laws enforced separate facilities for Blacks and Whites.
• What was the outcome of the Plessy vs. Ferguson case in 1896?

  The Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" did not violate the 14th amendment.