Humanistic

• What are the key terms to research in humanistic psychology?

  Conditions of worth, congruence, free will, hierarchy of needs, humanistic, self, self-actualisation
• What is the origin of humanistic psychology?

  • Emerged in the United States in the 1950s
  • Result of the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
  • Known as the 'third force' in psychology
• Why did Rogers believe humanistic psychology was necessary?

  He felt Freud dealt with the 'sick half' of psychology, focusing on healthy growth.
• How does humanistic psychology differ from other psychological approaches?

  It emphasizes free will and self-determination rather than determinism.
• What does free will mean in the context of humanistic psychology?

  It means individuals are self-determining and have the ability to make choices.
• What is self-actualisation?

  It is the innate tendency to achieve one's full potential.
• What is the uppermost level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?


  Self-actualisation

  
• Why is personal growth important in humanistic psychology?

  It is essential for individuals to become fulfilled and goal-oriented.
• What happens if there is a large gap between the self-concept and ideal self?

  The individual experiences incongruence, hindering self-actualisation.
• What therapy did Rogers develop to help individuals cope with incongruence?

  Client-centred therapy
• What is the role of unconditional positive regard in achieving the ideal self?

  It helps individuals reach their ideal self by providing support and acceptance.
• What are the states of congruence and incongruence?

  • Congruence: Similarity between self-image and ideal self
  • Incongruence: Disparity between self-image and ideal self
• What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs represent?

  • A model of human motivation
  • Levels include physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualisation

  
• How do cultural differences affect the hierarchy of needs according to Nevis (1983)?

  Belongingness needs were seen as more fundamental than physiological needs in China.
• What is a criticism of the humanistic approach?

  It is considered unrealistic and overly idealized regarding human nature.
• How has the humanistic approach influenced counseling?

  It emphasizes that psychological problems stem from conditions of worth and conditional positive regard.
• What are the main focuses of humanistic psychology?

  • Conscious experience
  • Personal responsibility
  • Free will
  • Personal growth and fulfillment