Modern

• How has science and technology improved the diagnosis of illness?

  It has vastly improved the opportunities to test and diagnose illness.
• What is the benefit of improved diagnosis for doctors?

  Doctors can now treat patients better using more specific treatments.
• What can patients use to monitor less emergency diseases at home?

  Patients can use home monitoring devices.
• What can blood tests identify since the 1930s?

  Blood tests can identify a huge range of conditions such as anaemia.
• What is a biopsy used for?

  A biopsy is used to identify disease by taking a sample of human tissue.
• What does blood sugar monitoring allow for individuals with diabetes?

  It allows them to check their blood sugar levels.
• What are CT scans used for?

  CT scans are advanced X-rays used to detect tumours and other growths.
• How do MR scans work?

  MR scans use magnetic and radio waves to create internal images of the body.
• What do ECGs track?

  ECGs track heart activity using electrodes.
• What can ultrasounds help diagnose?

  Ultrasounds can help diagnose kidney and gall stones.
• What do X-rays help diagnose?

  1. rays help diagnose broken bones and other internal issues.
• What are endoscopes used for?

  Endoscopes are used to see inside the human body and look at digestive system problems.
• What lifestyle factors significantly impact health and wellbeing?

  • Smoking: leads to lung cancer and other conditions.
  • Diet: linked to high blood pressure, heart disease, and certain cancers.
  • Alcohol and drug use: can cause liver disease and spread infections.
  • Unprotected sex: can lead to sexually transmitted diseases like HIV/AIDS.
• What detrimental condition is commonly associated with smoking?

  Lung cancer
• How does diet affect health?

  Diet plays a role in high blood pressure, heart disease, and certain cancers.
• What health issues can arise from alcohol consumption?

  Alcohol can lead to liver disease and kidney problems.
• What are the risks of unprotected sex?

  Unprotected sex can spread sexually transmitted diseases like HIV/AIDS.
• What was discovered about disease causes in the 1930s?

  It was clear that microbes did not cause all diseases.
• What did early work on genetics theorize?

  Genes are inherited from each parent.
• What significant development occurred in 1935 regarding genetics?

  The electron microscope was developed, allowing genes to be seen.
• What did Francis Crick and James Watson discover in 1953?

  They discovered the structure of DNA and its presence in every human cell.
• What was Rosalind Franklin's contribution to DNA research?

  She developed a way to photograph DNA.
• What was the purpose of the Human Genome Project?

  • To use the blueprint of human genes for treatment methods.
  • To identify genetic markers for hereditary diseases.
  • To understand genetic causes of diseases.
• How has the understanding of genetic causes of disease changed?

  Scientists now identify genetic causes inherited from parents' genes.
• What is gene therapy used for?

  Gene therapy can help sufferers of diseases like sickle cell anaemia.
• What is the significance of antibiotics in the modern age?

  Antibiotics allow doctors to treat bacterial diseases effectively.
• Who discovered the first magic bullet, Salvarsan 606?

  Paul Ehrlich discovered Salvarsan 606.
• What was the importance of Salvarsan 606?

  It was the first treatment of disease using chemicals.
• What was the second magic bullet discovered by Gerhard Domagk?

  Prontosil was the second magic bullet.
• How did Prontosil impact mortality rates?

  It helped reduce mortality rates from 20% to 5% for certain diseases.
• What is the most important antibiotic discovered?

  Penicillin is the most important antibiotic.
• How did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin?

  He accidentally discovered it while observing bacteria on petri dishes.
• What was the impact of penicillin during WWII?

  The US government invested in its mass production for army use.
• What are some modern treatments that have evolved since 1900?

  Modern treatments include gene therapy, robotics, and advanced surgical techniques.
• What role do dialysis machines play in modern medicine?

  Dialysis machines keep kidney patients alive while awaiting transplants.
• How do gene therapy and stem cells contribute to modern medicine?

  They are being explored to treat genetic diseases and reverse conditions like blindness.
• What is the significance of government intervention in public health since 1900?

  Government intervention has improved public health through understanding disease causes and prevention methods.
• What are some methods the government has introduced to prevent disease?

  • Compulsory vaccinations for diseases like measles and polio.
  • Screening for genetic diseases during pregnancy.
  • Communicating health risks during pandemics.
  • Charitable campaigns promoting heart health.
• What was the first national vaccination campaign launched in 1942?

  The first national vaccination campaign was for diphtheria.
• What was the outcome of the diphtheria vaccination campaign?

  Diphtheria almost disappeared due to the vaccination campaign.