acids and metals

• What are the three common acids used in chemistry?

  • Hydrochloric acid
  • Sulfuric acid
  • Nitric acid
• What is a key fact about all acids?

  All acids contain hydrogen
• What does the reactivity series of metals indicate about metals compared to hydrogen?

  All these metals are more reactive than hydrogen
• What happens when a metal displaces hydrogen from an acid?

  A salt and hydrogen gas are produced
• What is formed when sulfuric acid reacts with magnesium?

  Magnesium sulfate and hydrogen gas
• What term do scientists use for substances like magnesium sulfate?

  A salt
• What are the products formed when acids react with metals?

  • A salt
  • Hydrogen gas
• How do we determine which salt is produced in a reaction between an acid and a metal?

  It depends on the acid and the metal used
• What do hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid produce when they react with metals?

  Chloride and sulfate salts, respectively
• What salt is produced when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?

  Magnesium chloride
• What salt is produced when magnesium reacts with sulfuric acid?

  Magnesium sulfate
• Why does magnesium react rapidly with acids?

  Because it is much more reactive than hydrogen
• What does the reactivity series indicate about zinc's reaction with acids?

  Zinc is more reactive than hydrogen, allowing it to displace hydrogen
• How does iron's reactivity with acids compare to magnesium and zinc?

  Iron reacts slowly because it is only slightly more reactive than hydrogen
• What are the names of the salts produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with metals?

  Chloride salts
• What are the names of the salts produced when sulfuric acid reacts with metals?

  Sulfate salts
• What is oxidation in the context of acid-metal reactions?

  The loss of electrons by a substance
• What is the significance of the reactivity series in acid-metal reactions?

  It helps predict which metals can displace hydrogen from acids
• What is reduction in the context of acid-metal reactions?

  The gain of electrons by a substance
• What do acids produce in aqueous solutions?

  Hydrogen ions (H+)
• What does the term "aqueous solution" mean?

  Dissolved in water
• What happens when hydrochloric acid is in an aqueous solution?

  The hydrochloric acid molecule splits and releases H+
• What is produced when acids react with metals?

  A salt and hydrogen gas
• What is the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid?

  Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium ions and hydrogen gas
• What type of reaction occurs when magnesium atoms lose electrons?

  Oxidation reaction
• What happens to hydrogen ions (H+) during the reaction with acids?

  Hydrogen ions gain electrons to form hydrogen gas
• What type of reaction occurs when hydrogen ions gain electrons?

  Reduction reaction
• How do zinc atoms behave when reacting with hydrochloric acid?

  Zinc atoms lose two electrons to form zinc ions (Zn²⁺)
• What is the oxidation reaction for zinc in the presence of hydrochloric acid?

  Zinc atoms are oxidized as they lose electrons
• What happens to iron atoms when they react with hydrochloric acid?

  Iron atoms lose electrons and are oxidized
• Why do magnesium atoms react rapidly with dilute acids?

  Because they easily form the positive ion Mg²⁺
• How do zinc atoms react with dilute acids compared to magnesium?

  Zinc reacts quite rapidly because it easily forms the positive ion Zn²⁺
• Why does iron react slowly with dilute acids?

  Because iron atoms do not easily form the positive ion Fe²⁺
• What are the key concepts of oxidation and reduction in the context of acid-metal reactions?

  • Oxidation: Loss of electrons (e.g., magnesium, zinc, iron)
  • Reduction: Gain of electrons (e.g., hydrogen ions)
  • Acids produce H+ ions in aqueous solutions
  • Reactions produce salts and hydrogen gas
• What are the general outcomes of acid-metal reactions?

  • Production of a salt
  • Release of hydrogen gas
• How do the reactivities of magnesium, zinc, and iron with dilute acids compare?

  • Magnesium: Reacts very rapidly
  • Zinc: Reacts quite rapidly
  • Iron: Reacts slowly