The body's cordinating systm. Intro'' to nrvs & endcrin sytm

    Cards (25)

    • Who is the head of Anatomy at the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing?
      Professor Scott Border
    • What is the focus of the lecture overview in Biology 1A?
      Introduction to nervous and endocrine systems
    • What did Santiago Ramon Cajal identify in 1889?
      Neurons/cells
    • What did Charles Sherrington describe in 1893?
      The synapse
    • What did Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley reveal in 1963?
      Electrochemical properties of neurons
    • What is the focus of neuroscience?
      Study of the nervous system
    • What are the different strands/approaches in neuroscience?
      • Cellular/molecular
      • Cognitive and Behavioural
      • Translational/clinical
      • Computational
    • What does the Neuron Doctrine state about the brain?
      It is made up of individual neurons
    • What are the specialized features of neurons according to the Neuron Doctrine?
      Dendrites, cell body, axon
    • What are the three main parts of a neuron?
      Dendrites, cell body, axon
    • What is the primary function of dendrites?
      Transmit information from sensory receptors
    • What is the role of the axon in a neuron?
      Passes information to subsequent neuron
    • What are the layers of the human neocortex and their functions?
      • Layer 4: Input (primarily stellate cells)
      • Layers 5 and 6: Output (primarily pyramidal cells)
      • Remaining layers: Integration of information
    • How do sensory neurons respond to stimuli?
      Exhibit different action potential activity
    • What is the role of sodium and potassium ion channels in neurons?
      Maintain resting potential and voltage gradient
    • What does the Sodium-Potassium exchange pump cost?
      1 ATP
    • What happens when inward currents exceed -40mV?
      Leads to action potential
    • What are the steps leading to an action potential?
      1. Graded/local potentials occur
      2. Threshold reached, influx of Sodium
      3. Action potential reached, potassium pumped out
      4. Refractory period ensures uni-directional movement
      5. Resting potential re-established
    • What is the function of Nodes of Ranvier?
      Increase speed of voltage transmission
    • What disease is associated with the loss of myelin?
      Multiple sclerosis
    • What is the effect of action potentials reaching the synapse?
      Stimulate chemical communication
    • What type of channels stimulate the release of transmitters at the synapse?
      Voltage gated calcium channels
    • What are the types of receptor signaling in post-synaptic neurons?
      • Ionotropic (fast)
      • Metabotropic (slow)
    • What is the role of the hypothalamus?
      Endocrine regulation
    • What functions does the diencephalon regulate?
      Endocrine, autonomic, limbic functions
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